锻造培训教材

BBBBPPPPPPBB1“”2(GB/T14689-93)T1T2-1,2-121mmB×LaceA0841×1189A1594×84120A2420×59410A3297×420A4210×297255102,2-21-1432-321222332-223GB10609.1-892-4,244(GB/T14690-93),2-2,225:GB/T17450-1998T(GB4457.4-84)2-3,2-323GB4457.4842-5V2-5VHW2-62-61VHWVHOX90°VWOZ90°V2-62-622-612332-71232-72-82-712-812322-92-8122-94/511.2.22-1030.250.250.600.604080.08450.45T8—0.8016Mn0.1611.526CrB2BNiB4BMoV0.262%45CrMnMo—0.5011.5111.ρ=m/Vρ—Kg/mP3Pm—KgV—mP3P5000Kg/mP3P2.15387007003.λ4.[]αι[]αv[]αι=αι—[]1/K1/LB1BmLB2Bm∆t—∆t=tB2B-tB1BKK15.Ω.cmΩ6.770BBBBB——7702-4ρ(20)/kg/mP3P/λW/m.kαι0~100/×10P-6P/ρ0/(10P-6PΩ.cm)Ag10.49×10P3P960.8418.619.71.5Cu8.96×10P3P1083393.5171.67~1.68(20)Al2.7×10P3P660221.923.62.655Mg1.74×10P3P650153.724.34.47W19.3×10P3P3380166.24.6(20)5.1Ni4.5×10P3P145392.113.46.84Fe7.87×10P3P153875.411.769.7Sn7.3×10P3P231.962.82.311.5Cr7.19×10P3P1903676.212.9Ti4.508×10P3P167715.18.242.1~47.8Mn7.43×10P3P12444.98(-192)37185(20)1123451267σ=F/Aσ——Mpa-;A——mmP2PF——N2.1:σBpBσσBsBσBbB234:Ak(ak510P5P10P7PσB-1B2-52-5σBbBBsBσB0.2B0.2%ψHBSHBWCRHRCBRHRBARHRAHVHRC=100-eHRB=100-eeHRA=100-ekAkσB-1B10P7P1—————1.82.05070120.015%57ppmppmVCDFexOPBCOB[C][O]FexO1.013kPa7.6Torr20300.05%DHRH10.0020%0.0032%0.0040%RH-VCD-2114070ppm22123150tA214AA2142141C0.32%,Si0.12%Mn0.79%,P0.011%,S0.009%,Al0.011%,V0.07%2C0.45%,Si0.12%Mn0.88%,P0.007%,S0.010%,Al0.003%,V0.05%SiSi-AlSi-AlSi-Al4SiANiCrMoVCrMoV2.25Cr1Mo12CrB2BMoB1B1.25Cr0.5Mo(Si)(14CrB1BMo)20MnMoNi55SiSi20.005%20V65ASEA-SKF62Finkl-MohrLF——ASEA-SKF215215LFV1971LFLFLFLFLFLFVLRF(V)LFLF133.3pa1torr20ppm1ppm10ppm30ppmESR2161856mm68mm2300mm2mm28mmA0.03%0.12%VCDABBPP26CrB2BNiB4BMoV1.1mm80%VOD1965VOD0.02%0.08%217217VOD218AODAOD1968AOD218COCOCOCO0.71.61VDVD300mmLFVD2RH3FW3.219220TSF90t245t22030Cr1Mo1VMSDArArMSD0.5150tMP15801234512345678910219220430t3000t40t30t551.4221221VAV3040T168mm250200mm.2R/33AAAR/2R/3Akv10JSiAMo0.25A4V5246450.430.48A37TTTopTT200330mm8200.3375t0.390.520.510.8022235035×10P7PabCdd′acbC“”“”12200324000048612000350P2P21200008364000800012000181905160t260t145t350P2P12102223012.2232233.12344.12242243125.(K)26FKF=K×F()26K=1.055DB1B/DB2BP2P326.——()()7.85A37.2252251780J.T.S23105010801100~12003341226A2226B226A226B312A3A1A3A122734:,,.:.,.131.,VV:→→→→→→→.lHB0B(DB0B)l/HB0B(l/DB0B)hl/Ho0.50.8,HoDo20%.lh313132..3235.A1/3Do,A0.4Ho.3333.×30%30h=×30%3060.(=/7)2.343436...2.52.23.0.2.5~3.0.2.03..400mm,400mm:..2.5~3.03.024.100mm3.54155.(1/100)37VVV3—5,,,,,.3—51..FHB80~100.FeB3BC(FeB3BC)——HB800.PHB200~250.A()HB170~2202.-Fe-FeB3BC3638727(PSK)A(0.77C)F(0.0218C)FeB3BC(6.69C)PAB1BAB1BPSKGSAB3BA3ES,ABcmBABcmBABcmB36Fe-FeB3BC373839(C≤0.021)(0.0212.11C)(2.116.69C)37A,crAcArA1A3AcmcAc1,A3,Acmr(Ar1,Ar3,Arcm),770,A2,2302303.,.4538ACB1BACB3B393912.A353.93038h101~34~67~891042.524.540.FeB2BOB3B;FeB3BOB4B;FeO.....850.AlB2BOB3B15304040CrMnSiMoVA11601200Ni-CrCr-Ni-MoCr-Ni-WCr-Ni-Mo-VMnS.415.20301231VRW10%R≈0.1W42VVVV100°130°231033114“”3125.313314436.7315831693531710318319443204532146322473234812.90°10.5mm249500MW~1000MW250~600t8000500t300MW700MW130260t19526Cr2Ni4MoV4111mm1.66mm30414242b(42a)“”42aWHFSUFbFMFMLJ.T.S()(“”)WHFJTSab50FMFML”VSUFTERSUF43WHF”FMJTS”WHF”43WHFSUFWHF570T1100MWLP1300MWeA2861.20002.WHFJ.T.S600T1300MWSUF+WHF+J.T.SWHF75TWHFWHF————————————————————————————WHF—WidediehevyblowforgingSUF—sideupsetforgingFM—freefromMannesmaneffect()FMLJTS—JanpanessTatenoandSikanoWHFFMFMLJTSVSUFTER516050MW125MW1985200MW300MW600MW(DBOB/5)WhB0BWHF”1W/hB0BW/hB0B44aW/hB0Bab44W/hB0BW/hB0B0.4~0.744bW/hB0BhB0BhB0BW/hB0BW/h=0.77h44hB1BWhB0BW/H=0.77H=0.8HB0BW/hB0B0.616W/hB0BW/H(W/h1)W/hB0B0.6100200mm44bW/hB0B52BB25%25%PPBB46ABB53BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBW/hB0B800900mm480.1W,R4854BBBBBBW/hB0BSUFWHF”BBW/hB0B=20%WHF49501050700mm100SUFWHFSUFSUFWHFh0SUFW/h0=0.30.4H/ho30%WHFSUFWHFJTSFM600tSUFWHFSUFWHFSUFWHFSUFSUF90TER—435T240T1300MWW/ho0.5h/ho=30~50%JTSFMLJTSTatenoSikano1958FMLJTS70JTS70JTS1220750h55ho12%~15%4-9a125M4-9b4-9JTSBBBBabc56JTS4-12WHF1300mm1700mm180t1700mm1300mmFMV4-1257VW/hB0BW/hB0B0.40.620%FMFMLFMFMFM1.FMW/hB0B0.6W/hB0B0.9W/WW/hB0B1W/hB0B0.30.6,,W/hB0B0.615%hB0B/51000mmhB0B/5200mmW/hB0B0.9W/hB0BW/hB0B0.6W/hB0B0.915%0.7W900mm1350mm15%FM600mm300mm100mm4FM41%FMWHFFM5869090WHFFMFM180WHFFM(FML)WHFFMFMLW/hB0B0.60.6FMLL=(0.51)hB0BB=0.60.7hB0B(%)h/hB0B25%20%16%15%r66P11.21.4BW/hB0BBW/hB0B=0.40.6W/hB0BLW/hB0B,LW/hB0B=0.40.6W/hB0BT901809018090DB0B/50.50.6W0.7W0.030.04hB0BVJSW120135135120DB0B/5y2Wh00.70.9D/2J.T.S5951AcB1BAcB3BAcmAcB3B30~50600AcB3B20~30Ac1AcmAr1AcB1BAcmAcB3B500~650AcB1B+20~30(Acm(ArB1B60—Acm+20~30Ac3+30~50Acm+30~50Ac3+30~50()Ac1AcmAcB1BAc1500~7001000~11501000t1234612002ppmNiMnNi-CrZrNbMoWVTiCrCe650——CrNiMnMo20MnMo1234AB3BAB3B3080≥A3“”——“”“”5162··γAB3B·AlNAlB2BOB3B·S0.025%MnS·1240·MnS·1220··850950850900·1200···2.5350·16Mn120040%110030%100025%·600~650·200/h1·900950·0.010%··63Ac35080Ar1HB140HB230(53600MW)Ac35080“”——525253600MW45064616261100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%10010%10%10%100%100%100%3A211100%1211100%1100%162GB/T222—1984GB/T223—1988GB/6987—1986GB1814—1979GB6394—1986GB/T229—1994GB/T228—1987GB224—1987YB25