乔姆斯基语言学理论发展述评

XXXt[电子科技大学成都610054][]乔姆斯基生成语言学理论诞生于20世纪50年代,在语言学界颇具影响力,其威力势不可挡,犹如生物学中的达尔文革命本文从历时的角度,跟踪其理论模型的演变过程,把握该理论在揭示语言的本质的科学探索中,如何一步一步地建立起一套有关人类语言的普遍语法的最佳最简最优化最完美的生成语言学理论体系,以示其在语言学领域中的重要地位和作用,了解语言研究中的形式主义观点[]乔姆斯基理论;生成语言学;普遍语法;形式主义[]H0-06[]A[]1008-8105(2002)01-0059-(05)1957,#(NoamChomsky)10856,,,56/0,,/0,)))45,/,0(Chomsky,1976,p.29),/0(mentalism):,,,,,,,,),20195756(SyntacticStructure),,/SS0(一)有限状态语法(Chomsky,1975),(C.Hockett)/0,:,,;,,,/0(mirror-image),(二)短语结构语法,,(Z.Harris)XXX[]楚军(1965))男,四川渠县人,电子科技大学讲师,语言学硕士.[]2000-08-08592002(Ô)1JournalofUESTC(socialsciencesedition)Mar.2002,vol.4,No.1,:oldmenandwomen,:1.(oldmen)andwomen:(XY)+Z/02.old(menandwomen):X(Y+Z)=XY+XZ/0,,,(三)转换语法,(PSrules),:SyNP+VP(),,,,,,,,,),Do)there)Wh)(kernelsen-tence),,,,,,,56,,,(JohnLyons),,56,/0(Bloomfieldian))))1965,56(As-pectsoftheTheoryofSyntax),,,,))),60/ST(StandardTheory)0,56,/0/0,,,,(),():,,(thebase)(thelex-icon),(branchingrules)()(subcategorizationPSrules):,;,,,,NPS(),/0,,()()(,),,,(cyclicprinciple),,,,,,602002(Ô)1JournalofUESTC(socialsciencesedition)Mar.2002,vol.4,No.156(J.Katz)(F.Postal):,,,,,(),70(56(DeepStructure,SurfaceStructureandSemanticInterpretation,1970);56(RemarksonNomina-lization,1970);56(StudiesofSemanticsinGenerativeGrammar,1972);56(ConditionsonTransfor-mations,1973);56(TheLogicalStructureofLinguisticTheory,1975)),)))(Ex-tendedStandardTheory),70/EST0(一)EST的基础部分EST(X-)X-(X-barTheory),EST,,(N,V,P,A);(NP,VP,PP,AP),X-(Intermediatecate-gories):thisverytallgirl,†x(x2),X-(X-double-barcategory);verytallgirlN,NP,,…x(x1),X-(X-single-barcategory);girl,x(x0),X-(X-no-barcategory),X-ST,,(二)EST的转换部分EST,(S-structure)ESTA-(Alpha-movement)A,A-Wh-NP-,A-,WH-A--AWH-S14EST,(三)EST中的格部分EST(casefi-lters),,,,,PRO()(四)EST中的删除部分EST,,Wh-S-,:,(),,For-ToCOMPFor-For,(五)EST中的语义部分EST()(indexingrules)(bindingconditions),,,(NP),:,,,EST,,EST,EST,2080,5612002(Ô)1JournalofUESTC(socialsciencesedition)Mar.2002,vol.4,No.16(LecturesonGovernmentandBinding,1981),56(KnowledgeofLanguage,1986a),56(Barriers,1986b),/0(TheTheoryofGov-ernmentandBinding),/GB0,GB:/X-0,/0/pro-0;/0(theBindingTheory);/0(theGovernmentTheory)GB,/0,/0PF(PhoneticForm)LF(LogicalForm),PF,LF,PFLF,X-,GB()/0(ar-gumentstructure),,,,(),,,/0(theprojectionprinciple)/0(fullinterpreta-tion):,,/0(theeconomyprinciple)(H-theory)GB,/A0(MoveA),,,:(XP),NP,(X),N;X.;/0(t);,,/0(chain)/0,/0(thecasefilter)()(),X-,()/0(c-command)/0,X-,:/0/0,/0(barriers)(/0,),Rizzi/0/0GB/0GB,209056(AMinimalistProgramforLinguisticTheory,1993)56(TheMinimalistProgram,1995a)MP(),,GB,,,;GB;GB()/0;GBX-,/0(merge)/0,MPSSESTGB,MP/0(LexicalRe-sources),,(derivation),(PF)(LF)()(-)(interface),,(computationalsystem),,622002(Ô)1JournalofUESTC(socialsciencesedition)Mar.2002,vol.4,No.1,,,(converge),,,,;,,,,200056(MinimalistInquiries:TheFramework),,,50,,,,,,,,,[1]Baker,C.L.,IntroductionToGenerative-Transforma-tionalSyntax[M],Prentice-HallInternational,Inc.,1978.[2]Cook.V.&NewsonM.,Chomsky.sUniversalGram-mar:AnIntroduction[M],BlackwellPublishersLtd,1996,(宁春岩导读).[3]Radford,A.,Syntax:AMinimalistIntroduction[M],CambridgeUniversityPress,1997(顾阳导读).[4]胡壮麟等.语言学教程[S].北京:北京大学出版社,1988.[5]殷钟崃,周光亚.英语语法理论及流派[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1990.OntheDevelopmentofChomsky.sLinguisticTheoryChuJun(UESTCChengdu610054)AbstractChomsky.sgenerativelinguistics,whichcameintobeinginthe1950.s,isregardedasundoubtedlythemostdynamicandinfluentialinlinguistics,muchliketheDarwinianrevolutioninbiology.Thisarticle,fromadiachronicapproach,attemptstotracetheevolutionaryprocessesofeachtheoreticalmodelanddemonstratehowChomsky,togetherwithothergenerativists,inthescientificsearchoftheessenceofhumanlanguage,hasbeentryingtoestablishabest,minimalistandperfecttheoreticalsystemofgenerativelinguisticsabouttheuniversalgrammarofhumanlanguage,inordertoprovidethereaderwithsomeviewpointsofforma-lisminlinguisticresearch.KeyWordsChomsky.stheory;Generativelinguistics;Universalgrammar;Formalism632002(Ô)1JournalofUESTC(socialsciencesedition)Mar.2002,vol.4,No.1