西方饭桌礼仪

ContemporaryBritishCultureandSocietyChapter1IntroductionAutumnSemester,Sept.2005XiaoHuiyunObjectives•InthischapterwewilllookatsomegeneralfeaturesofBritainandsetthesceneforthemoredetailedexaminationofparticularaspectsoflifetherewhicharedealtwithinlaterchaptersFocalQuestions•WhatisthefullnameoftheBritishstate?Whatcountriesdoesitconsistof?•WhatisthetotalpopulationoftheUnitedKingdom?Wheredomostpeoplelive?•DoyouthinkthatmostoftheethnicminoritiesinBritainhavedifferentagestructuresfromthatofthewhitepopulation?Why?•Whatdoyouthinkarethemostimportantfactorsindeterminingclass?•HowdoyouunderstandthestatusofwomenincontemporaryBritain?•WhataresomeofthekeychangesoverthelastfiftyyearsintheUK?Procedures•PresentationbyStudents–Focalquestions3&4•Lecturesbytheteacher•Classdiscussion–ExploitationActivities(p.11)•AssignmentforthenextchapterA1Geography•TheBritishIslesisatraditionaltermusedtoidentifythegroupofislandsoffthenorthwestcoastofEuropeconsistingofGreatBritain,Irelandandthemanysmalleradjacentislands(over16).TheseislandsformanarchipelagooffthewestcoastofEurope,315,134km2(121,674squaremiles).•TomanyIrishpeopleaswellasScottishandWelshnationalists,thetermBritishIslesisunacceptable.A1Geographycontinued•ThetermisnolongerusedinIrishstatedocuments,hasbeenabandonedfromIrishschoolbooksandisbeingphasedoutoftextbooks.ItsusageisalsodecreasinginofficialBritishstatedocumentation,outofsensitivitytotheconcernsofIrish,ScottishandWelshpeopleandtheevolvingnewgeo-politicalrelationships.•AlternativesHowevertheissueofareplacementtermremainsunsettledasof2003,thoughinthecontextoftheNorthernIrelandpeaceprocessthetermIslandsoftheNorthAtlantic(IONA),aterminitiallycreatedbyformerConservativePartyMPSirJohnBiggs-Davison,hasbeenusedasaneutraltermtodescribetheseislands.A1GeographycontinuedIONA?–TheBritishIslesA1Geographycont.*n.a.•NationalFlagTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChiefoftheState--QueenElizabethIIENGLAND•Demographics:•Population:51Million•Language:English•People:Anglo-Saxons,Scots,Welsh,Irish,WestIndians,Pakistanis,Indians,Chinese•Religion:ChurchofEngland,Methodist,Baptist,Catholic,Muslim,Hindu,andSikh•CapitalCity:LondonENGLANDcont.•Culture:–Theyhaveartisticcontributionsintheatre,literature,andarchitecture.–Staplefood:FishandChips,bacon,eggs,sausage,andmash.–It’snotfamousforqualitybutit’sacuisine.–Thereareastonishingregionalvariationsinaccents.St.JamesPark,LondonEnglandcont•WindsorCastleLeedsCastleFishandChips•EnglishstaplefoodWALES•Demographics:–Population:2.9Million–Capitalcity:Cardiff–People:Celts,Anglo-Saxons–Language:Welsh,English–Religion:NonconformistProtestants,Anglicans,CatholicsWALEScont.•Culture:–OnethingthatmarksWalesoutfromtherestoftheBritainisthesurvivalofWelshasalivinglanguage.–Welshfoodisnotwell-known.Theyeatlaverbread(amixtureofseaweed,oatmealandbaconservedontoast),Rarebit(cheeseontoastwiththeaddedflavorofmustardandbeer).CaerphillyCastle,SouthWalesBeaumarisCastle,N.WalesNORTHERNIRELAND•Demographics:–Population:1.6Million–Capitalcity:Belfast–People:Irish–Language:English,andIrish–Religion:95%RomanCatholic,3.4%ProtestantintheRepublic;60%Protestant,40%RomanCatholicinNorthernIrelandNORTHERNIRELANDcont.•Culture:–Performadanceknownasthe“jig”whichtheydotoIrishfolkmusic.–Veryfestivepeopleanddanceonvariousoccasions.–Mealsarebasedaroundmeatslikelamb,beef,andpork.–Mainmealisusuallylunch,notdinner.IrishTownhouseb&bIrishJigSCOTLAND•Demographics:–Population:5.1Million–Capitalcity:Edinburgh–People:Celts,Anglo-Saxons–Language:English,Gaelic–Religion:PresbyterianChurchofScotland,otherPresbyterianchurches,Anglicans,CatholicsSCOTLANDcont.•Culture:–GreatestScottishaccomplishmentscomeintheformofscience,literature,andphilosophy.–BagpipesareveryfamousinScotland.–Socialgatheringknownasceilidhwereverypopularinthetraditionalcultureinwhichfolkstoriesweretold.–Today,storiesaresubstitutedfordrinkinganddancing.–ScotsareknownprimarilyforgamedisheslikesmokedsalmonandvenisonScottishDanceCastlesofScotlandA2Population2002CensusUK59,289,194England51,138,831Wales2,903,085Scotland5,162,011NorthernIreland1,685,267A2PopulationcontinuedDensity•UKaverage243/km2•England376/km2•Scotland65/km2•Wales141/km2•N.Ireland122/km2•France106/km2•US27/km2A2Populationcont.AgeingPopulation1981-202164yrs14%-23%黄线0510152025A3EthnicGroups•Britishsocietyisseenasmulticulturalbutnotraciallytolerant.Itisalsoseenasdividedbyclassandunwelcomingtoforeigners•Reasonsforrelativelypoorperformanceofethnicminoritychildren:(withtheexceptionofAsianchildren)•LowIQ–e.g.EysenckhassuggestedthatWestIndianchildrenhavealowerIQthanothers.TheSwannreportcouldfindnoevidenceofthis.•Materialdeprivation–themajorityofethnicminoritygroupsareworkingclassandtheirchildrenexperiencethesamematerialdisadvantageofotherworkingclasschildren.A3EthnicGroupscont.•Hiddencurriculum–culturallyandlinguisticallybiasedagainstethnicminoritygroups.•Labelling–teacherstendtostereotypeethnicminoritystudentsandattachnegativelabelswhichbecomeselffulfillingprophecies.•Racism–racisminwidersocietydiminishesselfesteem.Theschoolcanb