经典课件Theodore-Dreiser

TheodoreDreiser西奥多·德莱塞Life:TheodoreDreiser(1871-1945)TheodoreDreiserDreiser’sresidenceDreiserandhiswifePoints1.Dreiser’smajorworks2.SisterCarrie3.TheodoreDreiser’sstyle美国评论家把德莱塞跟福克纳、海明威并列为第一次世界大战后美国的三大小说家。“德莱塞在《嘉丽妹妹》里满怀同情地刻画了嘉丽利用自己性的魅力改变了自己的命运。正是由于德莱塞真实地描写了芝加哥以及美国城市迅速腾飞的原始动力才赢得了当时众多年轻追随者和崇拜者。”“德莱塞之前和之后的美国文学的变化就如达尔文之前和之后生物学上的变化一样大。”德莱塞“是美国最后一位毫无窘迫或者俯就地直接为大众，也就是直接为大众进行创作的一位大作家。”“他是一股强大的原动力，使美国文化在传达性行为、心理和政治原动力方面更全面更率直。”1927HevisitedTheSovietUnion.1941被选为美国作家协会主席1944获美国文学艺术学会荣誉奖July,1945.加入美国共产党HediedDec.28,1945,Hollywood,California.Born1871-08-27,IndianaDied1945-12-28,HollywoodOccupationNovelistWifeSaraWhiteParentsSarahandJohnPaulDreiserDreiserwasborninTerreHaute,Indiana,toSarahandJohnPaulDreiser,astrictCatholicfamily.JohnPaulDreiserwasaGermanimmigrantfromMayenintheEifelregion,andSarahwasfromtheMennonitefarmingnearDayton,Ohio;shewasdisownedformarryingJohnandconvertingtoRomanCatholicism.Theodorewasthetwelfthofthirteenchildren(theninthofthetensurviving).ThepopularsongwriterPaulDresser(1857–1906)washisolderbrother.Hisfirstnovel,SisterCarrie,publishedin1900,tellsthestoryofawomanwhofleeshercountrylifeforthecity(Chicago)andtherelivesalifefarfromaVictorianideal.Itsoldpoorlyandwasnotwidelypromotedlargelybecauseofmoralobjectionstothedepictionofacountrygirlwhopursuesherdreamsoffameandfortunethroughrelationshipstomen.Thebookhassinceacquiredaconsiderablereputation.IthasbeencalledthegreatestofallAmericanurbannovels.(Itwasmadeintoa1952filmbyWilliamWyler,whichstarredLaurenceOlivierandJenniferJones.)Hewitnessedalynchingin1893andwrotetheshortstory,NiggerJeff,whichappearedinAinslee'sMagazinein1901.Hissecondnovel,JennieGerhardt,waspublishedin1911LiterarycareerMainLiteraryWorksSisterCarrie1900《嘉莉妹妹》JennieGerhardt1911《珍妮姑娘》Financial1912《金融家》TheTitan1914《巨人》The“Genius”1915《天才》AnAmericanTragedy1925《美国悲剧》TheStoic1947《斯多葛》《欲望三部曲》（TrilogyofDesire）：《金融家》（TheFinancier，1912）；《巨人》（TheTitan，1914）；《斯多葛》（TheStoic，1947死后完成）。SisterCarrieSisterCarrie•SisterCarrie(1900)isanovelbyTheodoreDreiseraboutayoungcountrygirlwhomovestothebigcitywhereshestartsrealizingherownAmericanDreambyfirstbecomingamistresstomenthatsheperceivesassuperiorandlaterasafamousactress.IthasbeencalledthegreatestofallAmericanurbannovels.Plotsummary•DissatisfiedwithlifeinherruralWisconsinhome,18-year-oldCarolineSisterCarrieMeebertakesthetraintoChicago.Onthetrain,CarriemeetsCharlesDrouet,atravelingsalesman.•Afteronlyafewyears,CarrieturnstoNewYork’stheatresforemploymentandbecomesachorusgirl.Onceagain,heraptitudefortheatreservesherwell,and,astherapidlyagingHurstwooddeclinesintoobscurity,Carriebeginstorisefromchorusgirltosmallspeakingroles.•Carrieachievesstardom,butfindsthatmoneyandfamedonotsatisfyherlongingsorbringherhappinessandthatnothingwill.Structure1.1chronologicalorder.1.2precisedocument,1.3Hurstwood’sstorywasmeanttocomplementCarrie’sstory,toshowhowprecarious[uncertain;unsteady]istheidealshepursues.1.4thestoryforms2linesthatmoveamongthe3differentindividualworldsofCarrie,Hurstwood,andDrouet.Characters•CarolineMeeber,a.k.a.Carrie,ayoungwomanfromruralWisconsin;theprotagonist.•CharlesH.Drouet,abuoyanttravelingsalesmanCarriemeetsonthetraintoChicago.•GeorgeW.Hurstwood,awell-to-do,sophisticatedmanwhomanagesFitzgeraldandMoy'sresort.•JuliaHurstwood,George'sstrong-willed,social-climbingwife.Characters•TheVances,awealthymerchantandhiswife,wholiveinthesamebuildingasHurstwoodandCarrieinNewYorkCity.•RobertAmes,Mrs.Vance'scousinfromIndiana,ahandsomeyoungscholarwhomCarrieregardsasamaleideal.•LolaOsborne,achorusgirlCarriemeetsduringatheatreproductioninNewYork,whoencouragesCarrietobecomeherroommate.ThemeNaturalismCriticizingAmericasocialdarkness.PeoplewerecommonlycorrodedandinfectedbyAmericanlifestyle(moneytalks)inthatperiod.ExposingPolarizationbetweenrichandpoorandimmorality.贫富悬殊和道德沦丧Dreiser'sgreatthemewasthetremendoustensionsthatcanariseamongambition,desire,andsocialmores.Hedepictedreal-lifeSubjectsinaharshlight.Dreiser’sStyleWithoutgoodconstructiondeficientcharacterizationlackinimaginationSimplewordsJournalisticmethodofreiteration重复新闻手法Techniquesinpainting(word-picture,sharpcontrast,truthincolor,movementinoutline)style1.Language:veryawkward,crude[unrefined]/ontheborderingoflineofgrammar.2.Seriousintone:neversatiricalorcomic3.Naturalnarrativemethod,freefromartifice[deception].Hisnarrativeisbasedonquantitiesofmaterialsanddetaileddescriptions.MajorWritingFeatures1.Asanaturalisticwriter,Dreiserstresseddeterminisminhisnovels.Hischaracterscan’tasserttheirwillagainstnaturalandeconomicforces.Dreiserheldthatpeoplearenotentirelytoblameforwhattheyareandwhattheydo.2.Hedevelopedthecapacityforphotographicandrelentlessobservation,therebytruthfullyreflectingthesocietyandpeopleofhistimeandmakinghisnovelsverybelievableandconvincing.Almostallofhismaincharactersarebasedontherealpeople.Vividdescriptionofenvironmentalsettingsandsocialbackground3.Hisnovelsarefulloftragedies,serioussubjectsandmiserablesideofthesociety.Dreiserbrokethroughthegenteeltradition,revea