21世纪大学实用英语 综合教程第四册 4单元课后习题答案 复旦大学出版 主编 翟象俊

BackgroundInformation-1OsceolaMcCartyForcedtoleaveschoolinthesixthgradetocareforasickauntie,OsceolaMcCartyspenttheremainderofherlifewashingandironingotherpeople’slaundry.Shenevermarried.Shelivedverysimply;sheoncesaid,“Ididn’tspendmuchonmyself.Sometimes,Ihadtocutthetoesoutofmysecond-handshoesiftheydidnotfitright.AndseveraltimesIhadtobindupmyraggedBiblewithscotchtapetokeepCorinthiansfromfallingout.”OsceolaMcCartydiedinOctober2000,attheageof91,inHattiesburg,Mississippi.BACKBACKNEXTNEXTBackgroundInformation-2Inthesummerof1995,afterarthritisforcedherretirementfromthelaundry,shedonatedthebulkofherlifesavings—$150,000—tocreateascholarshipforunderservedAfrican-AmericanstudentsattheUniversityofMississippi.BusinessleadersinHattiesburglatermatchedhergift;theprincipalofthescholarshipfundgrewto$300,000.OsceolaMcCartysaid,“Ijustfiguredthemoneywoulddosomebodyelse’schildmoregoodthanitwouldme.”Duringthe1996commencementexercisesatHarvard,OsceolaMcCartyreceivedanhonorarydegree.RichardHunt,UniversityMarshal,introducedherasaphilanthropist.Later,shesaidtohim,“Ilikedwhatyousaidaboutme.ButIcouldn’tdogreatthingslikethoseotherpeopleupthereonthestagewithme.IonlywantedtobeasgoodasIcouldbe.”(astoldbyRichardM.Hunt,MorningPrayerinAppletonChapel,HarvardUniversity,11/1/99)PREV.PREV.NEXTNEXTScholarshipScholarshipmeansdifferentthingsindifferentcontexts.Itcanrefertoagrantoffinancialaidawardedtoastudent,asforthepurposeofattendingcollege.Itcanalsostandfortheknowledgeresultingfromstudyandresearchinaparticularfieldaswellasthemethods,discipline,andattainmentsofascholarorscholars.ThefirstmeaningappliesinTextA.BackgroundInformation-3PREV.PREV.NEXTNEXTBackgroundInformation-4TheUniversityofSouthernMississippiwasestablishedtoteachMississippi’steachers.Theschoolhasexpandedtobecomethestate’ssecondlargestuniversitywithanenrollmentofmorethan15,000students.Someoftheschool’smoreuniqueacademicdivisionsincludetourismmanagement,childandfamilystudies,andhumanperformanceandrecreation.TheUniversityofSouthernMississippiwasfoundedbythestatelegislaturein1910.TheUniversityofSouthernMississippiPREV.PREV.NEXTNEXTBackgroundInformation-5DairyQueenDairyQueenisafast-foodrestaurantfranchisethatwasfoundedin1940.With5,900restaurantsin22countriesasof2003,itisoneofthelargestintheworld.MuchofitsearlygrowthoccurredinruralareasoftheUnitedStates,andreferencestothesmall-town“DQ”occurrepeatedlyinboththepopularandliterarycultureoftheU.S.(FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia)DairyQueen’sdoorsopenedinChinain1992.Currentlythereareover40storeslocatedinBeijingandtheNortheastofChinaandarestillgrowingwithnewfranchiseesthroughoutthecountry.In2005,DQannounceditsexpansionintoShanghai.PREV.PREV.NEXTNEXTBackgroundInformation-6PREV.PREV.NEXTNEXTTheWhiteHouseistheofficialnameoftheexecutivemansionofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.ItisonthesouthsideofPennsylvaniaAve.,Washington,D.C.,facingLafayetteSquare.Thebuilding,constructedofVirginiafreestone,isofsimpleandstatelydesign.Theporte-cochereonthenorthfront,whichformsthemainentrance,isaporticoofhighIoniccolumnsreachingfromthegroundtotheroofpediment;itisbalancedbyasemicircularcolonnadedTheWhiteHousebalconyonthesouthwithasecond-floorporch,completedin1948.Themainbuilding(fourstorieshigh)isabout170ft(52m)longby85ft(26m)wide.Theeastandwestterraces,theexecutiveoffice(1902),theeastwing(1942),andapenthouseandabombshelter(1952)havebeenadded.Thecolonnadeattheeastendisthepublicentrance.BackgroundInformation-7Theexecutiveofficeisapproachedbyanesplanade.LargereceptionsareusuallyheldintheEastRoom,whichis40ft(12m)by82ft(25m).TheellipticalBlueRoomisthesceneofmanysocial,diplomatic,andofficialreceptions.TheRedRoomandtheGreenRoomareusedforprivateandquasi-officialgatherings.TheWhiteHouse,designated“thePalace”intheoriginalplans,wasdesignedbyJamesHobanonasitechosenbyGeorgeWashington.ItistheoldestpublicbuildinginWashington,itscornerstonehavingbeenlaidin1792.JohnAdamswasthefirstPresidenttolivethere(1800).Thebuildingwasrestoredafterbeingburned(1814)byBritishtroops,andthesmoke-stainedgraystonewallswerepaintedwhite.Despitepopularmyththecognomen“WhiteHouse”wasappliedtothebuildingsometimebeforeitwaspainted.ThenamebecameofficialwhenPresidentTheodoreRoosevelthaditengraveduponhisstationery.Partofthehousewasrebuiltonasteel-supportingframe.Thegrounds,whichcoverabout18acres(7hectares),areattractivewithbroadlawns,fountains,trees,andgardens.TheywereplannedbyAndrewJackson.PennsylvaniaAve.betweentheWhiteHouseandLafayetteSquarewasclosedtovehiculartrafficin1995forsecurityreasons.PREV.PREV.BACKBACKYetitisnotenoughtohaveagoodintention.Youshouldstayfocusedandgoforthegoal.Whenyou,yououghttokeepyourchinup(打起精神).YouwillnotmakeitonlywithSometimesyouneedtotakethebullbythehorns(知难而进)andholdonfordearlife.Whenyouhaveanintention,therefore,keepinmindthatgoodactsareultimatelybetterthangoodintentions.Fewthingsintheworldareimpossibleforonewhotothem.Humanbeingslivethroughintentions.Anintentionisadetermination,aplanorapurpose.WecannotdoThevalueofourlivesliesinourgoodintentions.Welivebecausewehaveourheartssetonouridea