unit-1-introduction：why-study-sociology

Unit1Introduction:WhyStudySociology?2criticalreading341preparatoryworklanguageenhancementreflectiona.Researchintotheimpactofasingle-childfamilyrelationshipontheupbringingofthechildb.Studyoffactorsleadingtohighdivorceratesinbigcitiesc.AsocialstratificationinvestigationincontemporaryChinad.ApovertyalleviationprogramevaluationinthewesternregionofChinae.Studyofworkpressureanditsconsequenceonemployeesinforeigncompaniesmicro-levelsociologymacro-levelsociologymicro-levelsociology:macro-levelsociology:abecdPresentation1.LookupthedefinitionsofPsychology,Economics,HistoryandDemographyandcomparethemwithsociology2.FindanEnglishversionofsociologytextbookinyourlibraryandlookthroughthetopiccovered.Whichtopicinterestsyoumost?Summarizeyourfindingsconcerningthisareaofsociology.1.Sociologyisthestudyofsocialbehaviororsociety,includingitsorigins,development,organization,networks,andinstitutions.Likesociology,psychology,economics,history,demographyareallrelatedtothestudyofsocietyandhumanactivities.Inthiswaytheysharesimilarities.Thedifferenceslieinthefollows:Psychologyisthestudyofhumanbehaviorandmind,embracingallaspectsofconsciousandunconsciousexperienceaswellasthoughtofthehumanbeings.Economicsfocusesonthebehaviorandinteractionsofeconomicagentsandhoweconomieswork,thatistheeconomicactivitiesofthehumankind.Historyisthestudyofthepasteventsaswellasthememory,discovery,collection,organization,presentation,andinterpretationofinformationabouttheseevents,particularlyhowitrelatestohumans.Demographyisthestatisticalstudyofpopulations,especiallyhumanbeings.Asaverygeneralscience,itcananalyzeanykindofdynamiclivingpopulation,i.e.,onethatchangesovertimeorspace.2.Youcanrefertothefollowingtextbooks:JohnJ.Macionis&NijoleV.Benokraitised.,SeeingOurselves7thed.(UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:PearsonPrenticeHall,2007)JamesM.Henslined.,DowntoEarthSociology:IntroductoryReadings14thed.(NewYork:FreePress,2007)3412preparatoryworkcriticalreadinglanguageenhancementreflectionPartPara(s).MainideaIIntroduction1-2KeytopicstobecoveredinthemainpartsIIDefiningsociology3-6Relationshipwithothersocialsciences7-1213-1819-23VIIConclusion24-26SummaryoftheusefulnessofsociologytoindividualsandtheworldIIIContentsofsociologyWhatwillIlearnfromsociologyIVNecessityofstudyingsociologyWhatabilitieswillsociologyhelpyoudevelopVIThejobofasociologistJobpotentialsofasociologymajorPART1IntroductionPara.1-2Keytopicstobecoveredinthemainparts(1)WhatisCarganandBallantine’simplicitpurposeinwritingthisintroductiontosociology?Toemphasizetheimportanceofsociologyandarousereaders’interestin(studying)sociology.(2)Whatistheintendedaudienceoftheessay?DescribethemaincharacteristicsofthisaudienceasassumedbyCarganandBallentine.Theintendedaudienceoftheessayareuniversityandcollegestudents.Theaudienceisyoungandcuriousabouteverythingbutneedssomeguideinchoosingtheircoursesinuniversitystudy.(3)Whatdoyouthinkoftheintroductioninthetext?Isiteffective?Whyorwhynot?Theintroductionisveryeffective.Itstartswithsixquestionsaboutsociologytoarousethereaders’interestorcuriosityinthistopic.approachTherearesomeofthequestionsthatmaybeinthebackofyourmindasyouapproachyourstudyofsociology.Para.1v.1.movetowards2.comenearorvergeon,resemble,comenearerinquality,orcharacter3.begintodealwith4.comenearintimebegintodealwith1.该银行已经务实地处理了这个问题。TheBankhasapproachedtheissueinapracticalway.2.随着圣诞节的临近而弥漫在这所房子里的节日气氛。ThefestivespiritpermeatedthehousewiththeapproachofChristmasExamples：Asyoulearnmoreaboutsociology,piecesthatatfirstseemedfragmentarywillstarttocometogetherlikepiecesinapuzzle.Para.2Asyoulearnmoreaboutsociology,youwillgraduallyfindthelinksbetweenitsindividualandseparatepartsandseethewholepictureofsociology.paraphrasePART2DefiningsociologyPara.3-6Relationshipwithothersocialsciences(1)Whataresociologistsinterestedin?Theyareinterestedintheinteractionsbetweenpeople,groupsandnations.(2)Whatisthemainconcernofsociology?Itsmainconcerniswithpredictinghumangroupbehavior.sparkSociologists'interestsaresparkedwhentheyseetwoormorepeoplewithacommoninteresttalkingorworkingtogether.Para.3v.1.Ifsomethingsparks,sparksoffireorlightcomefromit.2.Ifonethingsparksanother,thefirstthingcausethesecondthingtostarthappening.(=Sparkoff)arouse,stimulate1.一支丢弃的香烟可能引发了这场火灾。Adroppedcigarettemayhavesparkedthefire.2.我的老师编排了一个关于太空探测的单元，它真正激发了我的兴趣。Myteacherorganizedaunitonspaceexplorationthatreallysparkedmyinterest.Examples：Sociologists'interestsaresparkedwhentheyseetwoormorepeoplewithacommoninteresttalkingorworkingtogether.Para.3Sociologists’interestswillbeimmediatelyarousedbyseeinganytwoormorepeoplewithcloserelationships.paraphraseconformWhyindividualsusuallyconformtogroupexpectations?Para.6v.1.tobehaveandthinkinthesamewayasmostotherpeopleinagrouporsociety2.conformto/withsomething:toobeyarule,law,etc.(=comply)beinlinewith1.该灯设计得符合新的安全标准。Thelamphasbeendesignedtoconformtonewsafetystandards.2.如果你不同意或者和他们期望的不一致，他们中的一些人就会困惑生气。Ifyoudisagreeanddon’tconformtotheirexpectations,someofthemgetconfusedorirritated.Examples：preliterateAnthropologistsoftenstudypreliterategroups,whereassociol