滨海盐渍区利用异源海水养殖废水灌溉耐盐能源植物菊芋研究赵耕毛

27320095AgriculturalResearchintheAridAreasVol.27No.3May.2009　:2009-01-05:(30600086):(1975—),,,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]。　　　＊:(1947—),,,。E-mail:[e-mail]。()赵耕毛,刘兆普＊,汪　辉,张　博(,210095)　　　:通过田间微区试验,研究了异源养殖废水农业利用对耐盐能源植物(菊芋)栽培体系土壤性状、植物生长及产量的影响,同时利用Watersuit直观模型对系统作了安全性评估。结果表明:异源养殖废水灌溉土壤有明显积盐趋势,尤其是高盐度的对虾养殖废水,土壤盐分高达2.69g/kg;而钠吸附比(SAR)海参养殖废水最高,其值为7.4(mmol/L)1/2;异源养殖废水灌溉菊芋茎叶生长受到抑制,但能明显促进根系生长;与淡水灌溉相比,除对虾养殖废水块茎产量受到影响外,其他两个养殖水处理块茎产量均无明显差异;以菊芋块茎产量作为基准,其耐盐临界值为24.65dS/m。安全评价结果表明,适宜盐度养殖废水补充灌溉菊芋,可保证土壤安全和取得较高块茎产量。:海水养殖废水;耐盐能源植物;盐分;碱化度;生长;产量;安全:S273.5　　:A　　:1000-7601(2009)03-0107-05　　,2006,1243703hm2,10612865t,[1]。,、,。2090,、、。,[2～4]。、、。,[5]。,,,,。,[6]。()———,-,,,。1　1.1　(“863”)。(),550mm,2116.2mm。(HelianthustuberosusL.),,、、、、。,,,。,1。5:CK1()、CK2()(,W1;,W2;,W3),3,。,、、1.5m、1.5m、1m,20cm,10cm。2007315,40cm×25cm。()30t/hm2。(615)(912)1。1350m3/hm2。2。1.2　,,、pH[7];,、pH、[8]。AWH-30kg。,、。1　Table1　BasicpropertiesofsoilusedintheexperimentDepth(cm)pHTotalsaltcontent(g/kg)Bulkdensity(mg/m3)Particlecomposition(%)Sand2～0.02mmSilt0.02～0.002mmClay0.002mm0～207.750.521.2782.68.98.520～407.830.601.5882.68.19.340～607.880.641.4882.78.09.32　Table2　ThebasicchemicalpropertiesofirrigatedwaterIrrigationwaterpHECTN(mg/L)NH4+-N(mg/L)NO2--N(mg/L)NO3--N(mg/L)TP(mg/L)PO43--P(mg/L)W17.8235.96.160.270.082.440.900.14W27.6531.24.920.310.141.760.430.09W37.9026.57.350.110.022.252.360.381.3　EXCELSPSS11.0(Statisticalanalysissystem),、(a,b,P=0.05;)。2　2.1　。(1)。(W1)、(W2)、(W3),2.69、2.151.66g/kg,(CK1)8、64。(CK2)(P0.05),CK10.017g/kg。,,。(SAR)。SAR,、,。2,,SAR。CK1CK2SAR,3.43.3(mmol/L)1/2。,SAR,,7.4(mmol/L)1/2;SAR,CK11.10.8。,。,,。1　Fig.1　TheimpactofheterologousaquaculturewastewaterirrigationonsoilsalinityduringtheJerusalemartichokegrowingseasons2.2　(、)(3)。,108　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　27,0.358kg/;(CK1),,(CK2)83.2%。,22.1%(W1)、18.7%(W2)、16.8%(W3),。,。,。,,。　　　　,。4,1.39kg/,46.2%。,。,(CK1),,;79.0%、65.3%46.6%。CK2,,。,:(),(),,。4　Fig.4　Theimpactofheterologousaquaculturewastewaterirrigationonthetuberyieldatharvest2.3　—,。4,:(Yr),(a),,(b),(ECw),:Yr=100-b(ECw-a)5。:24.64dS/m,。,24.64dS/m。,1,1.854%。,:Yr=100-1.854(ECw-24.647)。1093　　　:()5　Fig.5　TherelationshipbetweenrelativeyieldofJerusalemartichokeandirrigationwatersalinity。,,。,,。,。,SAR(SAR=Na+/[(Ca2++Mg2+)/2]12),。6SAR。2,SAR7.4(mmol/L)1/2,1.0dS/m,。:,,。6　SAREC(Rhoades,1982)Fig.6　ThresholdvaluesofSARoftopsoilandECofinfiltratingwaterformaintenanceofsoilpermeability(afterRhoades,1982)3　　(EC、SAR),[9]。(EC),(SAR)、[10,11]。,-。(、),,(Seawaterirrigationagri-culture)。,,,SAR(7.4(mmol/L)1/2),。,,,,。,。,24.65dS/m,45%,[12]。,:,-,。:[1]　.[M].:,2006.[2]　LekangO,BomoAM,SvendsenI.Biologicallamellasedimentationusedforwastewatertreatment[J].AqucaulturalEngineering,2001,24:115—127.[3]　JedBrownJ,GlennEP.ReuseofhighlysalineaquacultureeffluenttoirrigateapotentialforagehalophyteSuaedaesteroa[J].AquaculturalEngineering,1999,20:91—111.[4]　JonesAB,DennisonWC,PrestonNP.Integratedtreatmentofshrimpeffluentbysedimentation,oysterfiltrationandmacroalgalab-sorption:alaboratoryscalestudy[J].Aquaculture,2001,193:155—178.[5]　HansB.Howgreenareaquaculture,constructedwetlandsandconven-tionalwastewatertreatmentsystem[J].WatSciTech,1999,40(3):45—50.[6]　,,　,.[J].,2008,23(1):9—14.[7]　.[M].:,1999.110　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　27[8]　.[M].:,2002.[9]　RhoadesJD.Theuseofsalinewaterforcropproduction-FAOirriga-tionanddrainagepaper48[M].Roman:FAO,1992.[10]　LauchliA,EpsteinE.Plantresponsetosalineandsodicconditions[C]//TanjiKK.AgriculturalSalinityAssessmentandManagement.NewYork:AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers,1990:113—137.[11]　DePascaleS,BarbieriG.Effectsofsoilsalinityfromlong-termirri-gationwithsaline-sodicwateronyieldandqualityofwintervegetablecrops[J].ScientiaHorticulturae,1995,64:145—157.[12]　ZhaoGM,LiuZP,ChenMD,etal.SoilpropertiesandJerusalemartichoke(HelianthustuberosusL.)withseawaterirrigationinNorthChinaPlain[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(2):195—202.Studiesontheuseofsalineheterologousaquaculturewastewatertodevelopbiofuelplant(Jerusalemartichoke)insalinizedcoastalareasZHAOGeng-mao,LIUZhao-pu＊,WANGHui,ZHANGBo(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing,Jiangsu210095,China)　　Abstract:Afield-trialwasconductedontheuseofagriculturalwastewatertothesalt-tolerantenergyplants(Jerusalemartichoke)cultivation;meanwhile,soilproperties,plantgrowthandyieldwereinvestigated,andthanwater-suitvisualmodelwasusedtothesecurityassessmentonthesoil-plantsystems.Theresultsshowedthat:heterologouswastewaterirrigationcouldcumulatesaltsobviously,particularlyforthehighsalinityoftheprawnwastewater;thesoilsalinitywasashighas2.69g/kg;andsoilalkalization(SAR)inseacucumberaquaculturewastewaterwasthehighest,anditsvaluereached7.4(mmol/L)1/2.StemandleafgrowthofJerusalemartichokewasinhibitedundertheaquaculturewastewaterirrigation,butrootgrowthcouldbepromoted.Comparedwithfreshwaterirrigation,inadditiontoshrimpwastewaterbecauseofhighsalinityaffectingJerusalemartichoketuberproduction,theyieldinothertwoaquaculturewastewaterirrigationtreatmentshadnoimpactsontheJerusalemartichokeproduction.Theresultsfurthe