2018BookAdvancedBiologicalProcessesFor

Márcia DezottiGeraldo LippelJoão Paulo BassinAdvancedBiologicalProcessesforWastewaterTreatmentEmerging,ConsolidatedTechnologiesandIntroductiontoMolecularTechniquesAdvancedBiologicalProcessesforWastewaterTreatmentMárcia Dezotti•Geraldo LippelJoãoPaulo BassinAdvancedBiologicalProcessesforWastewaterTreatmentEmerging,ConsolidatedTechnologiesandIntroductiontoMolecularTechniquesOriginalPortugueseeditionpublishedbyEditoraInterciência,RiodeJaneiro,2011ISBN978-3-319-58834-6ISBN978-3-319-58835-3(eBook)DOI10.1007/978-3-319-58835-3LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017946857©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.Figures/Illustration:SomefiguresandillustrationswereeditedbyErimarPontesSantiago.Email:[e-mail]-freepaperThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNatureTheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGTheregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,SwitzerlandMárcia DezottiChemicalEngineeringProgram,COPPEFederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiroRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,BrazilJoãoPaulo BassinChemicalEngineeringProgram,COPPEFederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiroRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,BrazilGeraldo LippelChemicalEngineeringProgram,COPPEFederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiroRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,Brazilv1Introduction..............................................................................................1GeraldoLippelandMárciaDezotti2MembraneBioreactors(MBRs).............................................................9GeraldoLippelandAnaClaudiaCerqueira3MovingBedBiofilmReactor(MBBR)...................................................37JoãoPauloBassinandMárciaDezotti4AerobicGranularSludgeTechnology....................................................75JoãoPauloBassin5NewProcessesfor BiologicalNitrogenRemoval...................................143JoãoPauloBassin6MolecularBiologyTechniquesAppliedto the Studyof MicrobialDiversityof WastewaterTreatmentSystems...................205JoãoPauloBassin,MárciaDezotti,andAlexandreRosadoContents1©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018M.Dezottietal.,AdvancedBiologicalProcessesforWastewaterTreatment,DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-58835-3_1Chapter1IntroductionGeraldo Lippeland Márcia DezottiConsideringthelargenumberofadvancesintheareaofbiologicalprocessesforwastewatertreatment,toapproachthemallinasinglebookwouldbearatherdaunt-ingtask.Therefore,wedecideditwouldbebesttofocusonprocessesandtech-niqueswhoseapplicationappearstobespreadingandwhichcouldalter,inthenearfuture,thescenarioofwastewatertreatment.Thesubjectofbiologicalwastewatertreatmentneverattainedthestatusofcon-solidatedknowledge.Infact,newapproachesfrequentlyappearwhichoftenrenderestablishedconceptsobsoleteandallowthedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesforthetreatmentofdifferenttypesofwastewater.Thisisexemplifiedbytheadvance-mentofknowledgerelatedtoanaerobictreatment,startinginthelate1970s,aswellasmorerecentfindingswhichverifiedtheversatilityofnitrifyingbacteriaandnewformsofnitrogentransformationandalsoadeepeningofourunderstandingofmicrobiologyandbiochemicalprocessesfortheremovalofphosphorusandsulfur.Thesefindingsandtheadvancementofknowledgehaveledtoimportanttechnologicaldevelopments.Inthecaseofanaerobictreatment,therehasbeenaremarkableincreaseintheimplementationofreactorswhichpromotemicrobialretention(UASB,IC,EGSB),andinthecaseofnitrogenremoval,differentpro-cesseshavebeenproposedincludingSharon-Anammox,whichhasfoundaninter-estingnicheforitsapplication.Insightsregardingtheremovalofphosphorousandsulfurhaveprovidedanewperspectiveinrelationtowastewatertreatment,whichaimsnotonlyattheremovalbutalsotherecoveryoftheseelementsforreuse,sincetheyareimportantchemicalconsumables.Aspreviouslymentioned,inthisbookweapproachsomeselectedthemeswhichweconsidertobeextremelyrelevanttothecurrentcontextofbiologicaltreatmentprocesses,thesebeingmembranebiofilmreactors(MBR),movingbedbiofilmG.Lippel•M.Dezotti(*)ChemicalEngineeringProgram,COPPE,FederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,Brazile-mail:[e-mail]