材料破损分析流程及案例探讨

MaterialFailureAnalysisProcessesandCaseStudiesH.C.Hu(MCL/ITRI)Materialfailureanalysisisactuallyanactiontoreviewthedamageprocessesforaparticularmaterialorpart.Tounderstandthematerialfailureissues,onematerialengineerneedstoapplyasuitableequipmentandmethodologytoevaluatethefailuremechanismandtofindouttherootcauseofthefailurebyobservingthefailurephenomenonandanalyzingthematerialcomposition.Thepurposeofthefailureanalysisistotaketherightcorrectionstepsinordertoavoidthesameerrorbeenrecommitted.So,thematerialfailureanalysisissocalledmaterialdiagnostics.Basically,therearenoparticularprocessesormethodsforthefailureanalysis.However,thereisamatterofprinciplethatisfollowedforageneralcaseofmaterialfailure./KeyWords(Failure)(FatigueFailure)(Non-destructiveInspectuon)(Metallography)(CompositionAnalysis)114IndustrialMaterialsMagazineIndustrialMaterialsMagazine115(FatigueFailure)1.2.10~50(1)(Liquid-penetrantInspection;PT)(Magnetic-particleInspection;MT)(UltrasonicInspection;UT)(Eddy-currentInspection;ET)X1161µm(a)(b)(c)(High-FrequencyAcousticEnergy)(a)(b)(c)(2)(OM)(SEM)(TEM)20~1500X(ResolutionPower)2000A(Crack-path)SEMIndustrialMaterialsMagazineIndustrialMaterialsMagazine117(SEM)(DepthofFocus)11µm102mm100A10000~60000EDS(LineScans)(X-rayMapping)SEM(Dimples)(FatigueStriations)(Cleavage)TEMTEMSEMSEM(3)X-(SEM)X(EDS)X(WDS)SEM/EDSSEM/WDS(EPMA)EDSWDSSEM/EDSSEM/WDSX1µm(AES)(SIMS)(4)118(5)(6)1.10mmSUP9A331~495HV425~495HV2.(1)(FatigueFracture)BeachMarksShellMarksIndustrialMaterialsMagazineIndustrialMaterialsMagazine1193/41/467°90°(2)3/4AAABCABCABC67°AACBBBABAB120460450440430420410400390380370360360340012345(VickersMicro-HardnessTester)435~445HV425~495HV20HV354HVmmHVHV10.0535440120.1039739630.1542843040.2043343250.2543443460.3043543370.3543743980.4044143690.45444438100.50442436111.0445436122.0441435133.0440438144.0445443155.0440441396HV331~495HV(3)3%Nital(TemperedMartensite)0.04mm3.IndustrialMaterialsMagazineIndustrialMaterialsMagazine1213%Nital3%Nital3%Nital0.01mm1223/41/490°67°440HV470HV