高一英语定语从句

高一衔接练习NO.3定语从句1I.概述一.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。(1)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时,常用限定词名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+限定词名词结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.二.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.注意:1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that,不可以省略;指物时用which,不能用that,不可以省略;关系代词是所有格时用whose(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(2)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(4)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.4.限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1)当先行词是some(something除外),anything,everything,nothing,/few,little,/all,none,等代词时,或者是由some,any,every,no,/few,little,/all,much/thevery,theonly,oneof等修饰时(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.(5)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,(6)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.(7)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who。(1)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.2)当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?5)当先行词既有人,也有物时(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?6)在Therebe句型中经典习题:1.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone3.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?高一衔接练习NO.3定语从句2A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone三.关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewenttoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.四.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.区别:形式:非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号,而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。（1）TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.（2）China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.关系:限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分;而非限制性定语从句在意义上只是先行词的一个附加修饰语,对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用。先行词:限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词,非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个句子或其中的一部分。2.非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”(1)非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。(2)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用forwhich代替。Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.(3)由“介词+关系代词”时,关系代词不能用as。(4)指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom,不能省略。注意:区分以下几个句子的不同(理解即可)(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.五.难点分析（一）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:1.先行词:As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2.位置:as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句或先行词之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which3.当先行词受such,thesame,so,as修饰时,常用as(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意:当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同A.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。B.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。（二）以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。Thewayinwhich/(that)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.II.巩固练习1.Theplace______interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich高一衔接练习NO.3定语从句32.Doyouknowtheman______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommuni