城市供水系统的节能与优化

:1006-7329(2002)04-0053-07X,,(,400045):,,,,,:;;;:TB493;TB495:A,,,,1,90%,:1)2)3),,()1.1:W=QH,,,,(1),,,1a:Hp=Z+H+h,H1=Z/2+H+h/2,H2=Z/2+h/2Q2(Z+H+h2)1b:,[1]1.224420028JournalofChongqingJianzhuUniversityVol.24No.4Aug.2002X:2002-05-10:2001(2001-45):(1965-),,,,,(a)(b)12,,(2)QA1QA2,,A1A2,HSTHST,NB2,A1A2,NB2,(HST),(NB2NB2),[2]1.3,:,1.3.1,:T(1d)NTk(1h),M,TkUk,IjTktijk,:KWij,:minNk=1EkMi=1Lj=1(KWijtijk):Nk=1Tk=TSminSSmaxSk-1-Sk+Mi=1Lj=1(qijktijk)=DkTkSstart=Send:SkTk,m3;Smin,m3;4524Smax,m3;Sstart,m3;Send,m3;qijkTkij;tijkTkij;DkTk,m3/h,,JowittGermanopulos[3],,KWijkqij,tijkSk,,,1.3.2:,,::minZp=f(Hpt,Qpt,Dpt)=minTt=1Pp=11EFFptUt(QptHpt)Dpt:i(qij)t=Qjt(1)hlt+Hpt=Ef(2)St=f(St-1)(3)EstEst…Est(4)HjtHjtŠHjt(5)Esend=Esstart(6)0Dpttp(7):EFFpttp;Utt;;Qpttp;Hpttp;Dpttp;(qij)ttji;Qjttj;hlttl;E(0);Hjttj;Hjt,ŠHjttj;EstSt;Est…Estts;tptp;EsstartEsend:Hpt,QptDpr,554:Zp=f[Hpt(Dpt),Qpt(Dpt),Dpt],Hpt(Dpt),Qpt(Dpt)Zp(Dpt)(1)(2)(3);(6):1EsstartEsend2Esstart,(4)(5)(6):minL=F(Hjt,Est,Dpt)+12t,jjt[min(0,bjt-jt/jt)]2-12jtjt2/jt+12ss[min(0,cs-s/s)]2-12ss2/s:jt,jt(5);s,s33,GRG,Ormbee[4],,,LanseyAwumah[5]Ormbee:01,,,,12,2,60%80%,,,(),,,,,2.1::minf(H,D)6524:G(H,D)=0(1)HHŠH(2)J(D)J(D)J(D)(3)W(H,D)W(H,D)W(H,D)(4)(1),,(2),(3),(4),,LanseyMays[6],:,(2):minAL(H,D,,)=f(H,D)+12iImin(0,ci-i/i)2-12ii2/i:i;ici=min[(Hi-Hi),(ŠHi-Hi)],HD,4,4[7],,::min=c12mi=1Diexi+c2nsi=1QijZjkqjDj-xj:LLX=0BBX=L0xi0i=1,2,,2m:xi;Dj;qj;Zi;c1,c2;LL,BB;L0;k2.2,,(SavicWalters[8]Walters,OuazarSavic[9]):,(,),(),(),,,,2.2.1:fi=1Eipi=fini=1fi754::fii;Eii;pii,2.2.2,,,(70%)():A1=0110|1A2=1100|0pA1=01100A2=11001,,,,,2.2.3,,1,41,(0.01)1123401101110010010111100,,5,5,:1),,2),3),,4),,,,,,85243,,,,,,,,,,:[1],.M.:,1995.[2].M.:,1993.[3]JowittandGeorgeGermanpoulos.OptimalPumpSchedulinginWater-SupplyNetworksJ.WaterResour.Plng.andMgmt.,ASCE,1992,(4):406-420.[4]LindellE.Ormsbee,ThomasM.Walski.MethodologyforImprovingPumpOperationEfficiencyJ.WaterResour.Plng.andMgmt.,ASCE,1989,(2):148-163.[5]KevinE.LanseyandKofiAwumah.OptimalPumpOterationsConsideringPumpSwitchesJ.WaterResour.Plng.andMgmt.,ASCE,1994,(1):17-34.[6]KevinE.LanseyandLarryW.Mays.OptimizationModelforWaterDistributionSystemDesignJ.Hydr.Engrg,ASCE,1989,(10):1401-1419.[7].J.,1988,(5):15-21.[8]DraganA.SavicandGodfreyA.Walters.GeneticAlgorithmsforLeast-CostDesignofWaterDistributionNetworksJ.WaterResour.Plng.andMgmt.,ASCE,1997,(2):67-77.[9]D.Halhal,G.A.Walters,D.Ouazar,andD.A.Savic.WaterNetworkRehabilitationwithStructuredMessyGeneticAlgo2rithmJ.WaterResour.Plng.andMgmt.,ASCE,1997,(3):137-146.EnergySavingandOptimizationoftheMunicipalWater2supplySystemsWANGPu,JIANGZhi2xian,SHIChang2en(FacultyofUrbanConstructionandEnvironmentEngineering,ChongqingUniversity,400045,China)Abstract:Thispaperdescribesthefamiliarwaysfortheenergysavingofthemunicipalwater-supplysystemsandthebasicmethodologiesfortheoptimalpumpoperations.Arecommendationofthemost-usednonlinearprogrammingandthelatelydevelopedgeneticalgorithmofthewaterdistributionsystemsisalsoprovided.Ad2vantagesanddisadvantagesofeachapproacharepresented,alongwiththecommentofthecorrespondingappli2cations.Atthelastpartofthispaper,theauthorputsforwardhissuggestions,atthebasisofthesummaryandconclusionofenergysavingandoptimizationofthemunicipalwater-supplysystems.Throughthispaper,theauthorhopestoreviewthestateofexistingwaysandmethodologiesofthewater-supplysystems,andtorecog2nizethefutureworkthatforustodo.Keywords:water-supplysystems;energysaving;optimizationofthewaterdistributionsystems;geneticalgo2rithm954: