建立大学生失业保障的制度选择

华中科技大学硕士学位论文建立大学生失业保障的制度选择姓名：李妮莉申请学位级别：硕士专业：社会保障指导教师：丁建定20050426I,,,,,,,—IIIIIAbstractGraduatesunemploymentisaresultofthemarketeconomysystem.Likeothercommodity-basedcountries,graduatesunemploymentphenomenonhasappearedinourcountryandpresentstheseveretrend,whichbringsaboutabadinfluenceontheindividualgraduate,hisfamilyandthesociety,consequentlyleadingtoagreatwasteofthehumanandeducationresources.Forsuchabackground,Ithasgreatrealisticmeaningsthatwestudygraduatesunemploymentandhowtocreateaneffectiveunemploymentdefendmechanismandunemploymentcuresystemtopromotegraduatesemployment.Thisarticlewasdividedintofiveparts:Thefirstpartistheintroduction,Itmainlystatesthepropositionofthequestionanditsstudybackground,explainstherelevantconcept,reviewsthetheorycorrelatingwithgraduatesemploymentandunemployment,atlastpointsouttheirinsufficient.Thesecondpartanalysesthenecessityofestablishingthegraduatesunemploymentsecuritysystem.Graduatesunemploymenthasbecomeasocialproblem,whichincreaseenormoussocialpressandinfluencethesocietystabilization;Asoneofpassiveunemploymentcurepolicy,unemploymentsecuritysystemhasitstheorybase;Forthegovernmentandsocietyhavingthemaindutyongraduatesunemployment,governmentrepublicmanagedutyandstratagemchoicesshouldmakegreateffortstoreducethemenaceofgraduatesunemploymenttosociety;Thenourcountrybadlylacksgraduatesunemploymentsecuritysystemnow,oppositelymanycountryhaveeffectiveyouthandgraduatesunemploymentsecuritysystem,Alloftheseconsequentiallyrequireourgovernmentestablishgraduatesunemploymentsecuritysystem.Thethirdpartmainlydiscussesthepossibilityofestablishingthegraduatesunemploymentsecuritysystem.Atfirst,definedthegoalandprincipleofthegraduatesunemploymentsecuritysystem;ThenbycomparedtheunemploymentinsurancesystemIVandunemploymentsocialsalvationsystem,pointsoutthatnowestablishingthegraduatesunemploymentinsurancesystemisnotadvisable;fromreviewingothercountries’experienceandourcountry’sactualgraduatesemploymentpolicies,unemploymentsocialsalvationsystemisnecessaryandpossible.Atlastconcludethatsuchabasic-incorporategraduatesunemploymentsecuritysystemshouldbesetup:thegovernmentsalvationasthebase,incorporatetheexistingemploymentpolicies,socialsalvationandsocialparticipancyetc,ensuretheunemployedman’sliving,atthesametimedevelopemploymentsalvationservicejustlikecareersguidancetrainingserviceandsoon,thegovernment,thecollegeandgraduateindividualsshouldundertaketheseresponsibilitytogether,anditshouldbesupportedbythewholesocialforces.Thefourthpartpointsoutseveralquestionsthatwemustgiveattentiontowhenestablishingthegraduatesunemploymentsecuritysystem:Weshouldestablishunemploymentsecurityandemploymentserviceinformationsystemandthesupervisionmechanism;Payattentiononsocialwork’seffectinthisfield;Shouldbringthegraduatesunemploymentsecuritysystemintosocietyunemploymentsecuritysystemstepbystep;Combinethegraduatesunemploymentsecurityandemploymentpromotion.Inthelastpart,ittakesasimplesummaryandpointsoutthedeficiencyofthisresearch.KeyWords:GraduatesUnemploymentUnemploymentInsuranceUnemploymentSocialSalvationEmploymentPromotion2005422______20054222005422111.119996,,199864320021600,(1420)19989%200215%2070·,,2001115,2002145,2003212,2004280,2005340,2.9,,,,2002116,80%,29;2003,820,172,76%,42.2200475.6,73%[1],1.2,,2,,1.3(1)(2)(3)16[2],“”“”“”,“”“”,“”“”,,“”“3”“”(frictionalunemployment),“”;(structuralunemployment),(cyclicalunemployment)[3](educatedunemployment),6“”[4]19984.1%20016.1%(1-1)1-11-119980.99.851.633.64.119990.77.852.034.84.320000.67.753.133.94.720010.47.150.036.46.11998-20011998-20014[5]1.4,,,,,,,,[7][8],,,,,,“”,,,,,[9],Betts(1995)1269,DominitzManski(1996)1105,1999—2001,,,,;;;[10],,,,[11][12]1992,,,[13],,,,,,,[14],[15],,[16],,,,,6,,,,,:,,;,,,,;,;,“”[17];,,,,,,,,1.57822.12.1.1,“,”,;,“”“”,“,”,,,:,“”,,2001702003212,200114567,46.2%2003820,42.2,2004280,,,,200170%,30%200134,200250,200370,,20021900,4.2%1400,5.7%:20016,4.02,0.21,,73.7%,9:20001231,2869,2200159,,3157,12.34%“”[18],2001,11.2%,2.3%[19],,,,,2.1.2(1)“”2050(1-21-3)1-21994(%)1.31.83.61.53.44.02.72.46.05.018.513.811.16.63.93.47.66.12.533.76.15.05.34.76.57.25.43.96.43.48.55.2-6.48.55.2-4.36.34.9101-31998(%)11-14246413163223:·,“:”,,2003(MartinGodfrey,2003,”YouthEmploymentPolicyinDevelopingandTransitionCountries–PreventionsaswellasCure”,YouthEmploymentworkshop,WorldBank,WashingtonDC)(2)“”(3)“9.6%9.4%1.85%1.83%26%7.34.37%”[6]112.1.3,“,”,,,,,,,?·(MJPiore)1970:(theprimarysegment)(thesecondarysegment)[20]:——,,,,1988199521.76%23.34%,0.49%0.54%[21],“”,,,,,,,,,,12,,,,,,,“”,2-140,,,,,,402-119981999200020012002200383.084.895.0103.61452120.122.1712.039.0539.9646.211998-20031998-2003,,;,“”“”,,,,“”,,,13,,,20%,,3%,[22],,,,,,,,,,,“”,,,jobsearch,,,,,,,,,,,,,(reservationwage)“”14“”“”(jobsearchingprocess),“”,,,,,,,“”,“”;,,,,,,;,,,“”,,,,,2.1.4151998,,1000[23](1)(2)(3)“”“”(4)[24]34008000“”,162.22.2.117[25]2.2.2——19481210217A()18“”0.570.34GDP200800.1—0.12“”[26][27]192.2.380“”“”198619991()19992%1%2003910373[28],,,2003,20,,,2.32–22001,2.3.1“”,,,21,:;;19956;“”“”612“”“”6“”[29]2.3.219741993711985515055%0.8