2015专八听力原文

[01:40.51]Goodmorning,everybody.[01:42.15]Now,attheuniversity,you,asstudents,[01:45.10]areoftencalledontoperformmanytypesoflisteningtasks,[01:49.81]listeninginagroupdiscussion,[01:52.03]listeningtoateacheronaone-to-onebasis,[01:55.33]andlisteningtoacademiclectures.[01:58.32]So,whatI’mgoingtotalkabouttodayis[02:01.24]whatalistenerneedstobeabletodoinorderto[02:04.21]comprehendanacademiclectureefficiently.[02:07.95]OK.[02:09.29]Whatdoyouneedtodoinordertounderstandthelecture?[02:13.13]Now,therearefourthingsthatI’mgoingtotalkabout.[02:16.33]Thefirstthingisthatyouneedtobeawareofallofthepartsofthelanguagethatcarrymeaning.[02:22.77]Youallknowthatwordscarrymeaning.[02:26.03]Soyou’vegottobeawareofthevocabularyofthelanguage.[02:30.16]Buttherearesomeotherfeatures.[02:32.35]Foronething,youneedtobeawareofstress.[02:36.03]Letmegiveyouanexample:Iwenttothebar.[02:39.81]Iwenttothebar.Itmakesadifference.[02:44.65]Inthesecondexample,I’mstressingthefact[02:46.95]thatitwasmeandnotsomeoneelse.[02:49.84]Sothatthismeansstresshassomemeaning.[02:52.69]Nowthenextthingyoumightwanttolistenforisintonation.[02:56.80]Forexample,ifIsay“Hecame.”[03:00.12]“Hecame?”Therearetwodifferentmeanings.[03:03.66]Oneisastatement;theotheroneisaquestion.[03:07.18]Andanotherthingyouneedtolistenforisrhythm.[03:10.53]Forinstance,“Canyousee,Mary?”[03:13.56]versus“CanyouseeMary?”[03:15.60]da-da-Da-da-da,da-da-da-Da-da.[03:19.29]Thosetwomeansomethingdifferent.[03:21.77]Inthefirstone,they’retalkingdirectlytoMary[03:24.96]whilethesecondonemeans“CanyouseeMary,overthere?[03:29.50]Nowthenextthingyoumustdo[03:31.19]whenyoulistenisthatyouneedtoaddinformation[03:34.16]thatthelecturerexpectsyoutoadd.[03:37.43]Alllecturersassumethattheysharesomeinformation[03:40.51]withtheiraudienceandthattheiraudience[03:43.04]doesnotneedthemtoexplaineveryword.[03:46.13]Andlistenershaveanabilitytoaddthisinformation[03:49.67]duetotwosourcesofinformation,thatis,[03:52.80]one,theirknowledgeofaparticularsubject,[03:55.99]andtwo,theirknowledgeorexperienceoftheworld.[04:00.52]Soremember,listeningisnotamatterofjust[04:03.73]absorbingthespeaker’swords.[04:05.88]Thelistenerhastodomorethanthat.[04:08.52]Thelistenerisnotataperecorderabsorbingthespeaker’s[04:12.27]wordsandputtingthemintohisorherbrain.[04:15.28]Rather,listeninginvolveshearingthespeaker’swords[04:18.94]andreinterpretingthem.Addinginformationifnecessary.[04:23.43]Sothemeaningisnotinthewordalone.[04:26.98]Rather,itisinthepersonwhousesitorrespondstoit.[04:31.12]Sothatthesecondthingthatalistenermustdo:[04:33.99]addinformationthatthelecturerassumesthattheyshare.[04:37.98]OK.Thethirdthingthatalistenerneedstodo,[04:41.60]andthisistomethemostimportantthingofall,[04:44.63]andthat’stopredictasyoulisten.[04:47.94]Nowletmegiveyoutworeasonswhyyouhavetopredict.[04:51.83]Foronething,ifyoupredict,ithelpsyouovercomenoise.[04:56.27]WhatdoImeanbynoise?[04:58.21]Maybethere’snoiseoutsideandyoucan’thearme.[05:01.70]Maybeyou’reinthebackoftheroom[05:03.39]andyoucan’thearallthatwell.[05:05.39]Maybethemicrophonedoesn’twork.[05:07.54]Maybethere’snoiseinsideyourhead.[05:10.03]BythatImeanmaybeyou’rethinkingofsomethingelse[05:13.03]andthenallofasuddenyou’llremember,[05:15.43]“Oh!I’vegottolisten!”[05:17.73]Bybeingabletopredictduringthelecture[05:20.02]youcanjustkeeplisteningtothelectureand[05:22.67]notlosetheideaofwhat’sgoingon.[05:26.07]Sopredictingisimportanttohelpyou[05:28.43]overcomeoutsidenoiseandinsidenoise.[05:32.29]Andanotherreasonthatpredictingisimportantis[05:35.45]becauseitsavesyoutime.Nowwhenyoulisten,[05:38.87]youneedtimetothinkabouttheinformation,[05:42.03]relateittooldideas,takenotes.[05:44.81]Andifyou’reonlykeepingupwithwhat[05:47.59]I’msayingorwhatthelecturer’ssaying,[05:49.58]youhavenotimetodothat.[05:51.90]AndI’llbetalotofyouarehavingthatproblemrightnow.[05:54.80]Becauseit’ssohardjusttofolloweverything[05:57.51]I’msayingthatyoudon’thavetimetonotedownideas.[06:01.31]Sopredictingsavesyoutime.[06:04.05]IfyoucanguesswhatI’mgoingtosay,[06:06.22]you’reabletotakenotes,youareabletothink,[06:09.33]youhavemoretime.OK?[06:12.46]Andtherearetwotypesofpredictionsthatyoucanmake：[06:15.42]predictionsofcontentandpredictionsoforganization.[06:19.56]Letmegiveyouanexampleintermsofcontent.[06:22.60]Ifyouhearthewords“becausehelovedtocook,[06:25.60]hisfavoriteroomwas…”Whatwouldyouexpect?Kitchen.[06:30.53]Youcanguessthisbecauseyouknowpeoplecookinthekitchen.[06:33.76]OK?Andyoucanalsopredictorganization.[06:37.62]SoifIwasgoingtotellyouastory,[06:40.07]you’dexpectmetotellyouwhythestoryisimportant.[06:43.04]Ifyouaresettingforthestory,[06:45.25]soyouhaveexpectationsofwhatthespeakerisgoing[06:49.70]totalkaboutandhowthespeakerwillorganizehisorherwords.[06:53.69]Now，let’scometothelastthingalistenermustdo:[06:57.08]thelistenermustevaluateasheorsheislistening,[07:00.90]decidewhat’simportant,what’snot,[07:03.55]decidehowsomethingrelatestosomethingelse.[07:06.26]OK?Thereareagaintworeasonsforthis.[07:09.66]Thefirstoneisevaluatinghelpsyoutodecidewhattotakenotesabout,what’simportantt