冬小麦经济节水灌溉制度的研究

河北工程大学硕士学位论文冬小麦经济节水灌溉制度的研究姓名：梁薇申请学位级别：硕士专业：农业水土工程指导教师：郭凤台;张艳红20070401I752.0mAbstractIIAbstractWateristhelifelineofhumanbeing'sexistenceanddevelopment,thelifelineofnationaleconomyandecologicalenvironment.Withthesharplyincreasingofpopulation,rapiddevelopmentofsocialeconomy,waterresourceisgraduallydecreasing.Italreadyhinderedthedevelopmentsofeconomyandsociety.Soiturgentlyneedstotakemeasurestoprotectwaterresourcesandstudywaterdevelopmentandutilization.Inordertoachievetheefficiencyofwaterusingandthenrelievetheshortageofwaterresource.LinxistationliesinthesoutheastofHebeiProvince.Waterconsumptionofagriculturalirrigationaccounts75%oftotalwaterconsumption.Fortheoverexploitationofgroundwater,thedecliningofgroundwaterlevelhasexcess2.0mperyear.Theserioussituationurgentlyneedssavingwateragriculture,usingthesoilwaterresourcesinaneffectiveway,reducingtheirrigationwaterconsumption.Thesemeasurescanalleviatethedeficientofthelocalwaterresources.Thispaperreliesonthearticle—“Increasecropsoilwaterresourcesutilization”ofHebeiSoilwaterresourceevaluation,onthebasicofirrigationexperimentsforwinterwheatinLinxistation.Themajorcontentsinclude:firstly,thebasicprinciplesareanalyzed,andthecalculationmethodsareintroducedindetail;secondly,thepaperintroducesthebasicsituationandthedesignofexperimentaltreatments,thenresearchestherulesofwaterdemandsandthechangerulesofreferencecropevapotranspirationandcropcoefficients;thirdly,waterproductfunctionsarepresentedonthebasisofanalysisofwater-savingirrigationscheduleexperimentsforwinterwheat.Andsoilwaterutilizationandeconomicwaterdemandsarealsopresented.Theneconomicalwater-savingirrigationscheduleforwinterwheatisestablished.Throughdevelopingtheutilizationpotentialityofsoilwaterresource,weachievethepurposesofincreasingthevolumeofsoilwaterresourcesutilizationanddecreasingthevolumeofirrigation.Keywords:Soilwaterresource;therulesofwaterdemands;Waterproductfunction;Econmicalwaterdemands;Econmicalwater-savingirrigationschedule11.11.1.1199221212824m32169m31/42/3[1]54%81461920014119m35567m374%3826m368.7%2001400m3[2-4]20105.2t20205.96.4t[5,6]20106100m3201020203560m33485m364.8%[7]0.40.8[8]2[9]500m3300m31.1.2522mm22307m3211m3311m33120m3/hm211%1997220m344m32010106.3m3170.1m3219.5hm27060m5060m6000km21m23m[10]0.4555%1842445148870m372%-7523131.2[11]165000m37.8[12]1956197955%[13]41.31000m3205m370%205m3170m390%1175~250m3170m3345~420m31kg/m32.32kg/m31.41.4.1[14,15]“”20805SPAC60J.R.PhilipSoil-Plant-AtmosphereContinuumSPAC1977D.HillelCSMP1984Yyer80170R.A.D.285%P.R.GaijiS.S.PriharTN.Chaudhary1992ShigeruOgawaYosukeKishi1993R.A.1996Jackson1999JamenMike61.4.21984“”19861988[16]1988[17]19891992[18]1993()1998[19]16%17%()71.520“”“”3S[20]1.61.6.181.6.219862000Penman-Monteith1.6.319862000141142ETETFAO56Penman-MonteithET0ET03KcET0ETKc9451-1ET0ETKc1-1Fig.1-1FigureoftechnicpathETET102.12.1.11%2.1.2BKVGMSBMS[21]ET=f0MSB2-1ETMSBR11E0ET=f2SBE02-2E0ET0f2SBET=f2SBET02-3SBf2SBET=f3Bf4SET02-4f3BKVΦGf3B=f3KVΦG2-5f3BKVΦGf4Sf4SAwf4Sf4Aw2-6wpjwpθθθθ−−θwpθjθ12f3BKcf4SKET=KcKET02-7KKc2.22.2.1--2050Hill[22]1232.2.2HWt=Wt-1+P+WI+G+I-ET-R2-8Wt13Wt-1PGIWIETRET2.3()ETi=Ki×ET2-9ETimmETmmKi2-1014scKKETET××=02-10ETmmET0mmKcKs[23,24]2.3.12.3.1.1ET00.12m70s/m0.23[24]PenmanPenman-MonteithBlaneY-Criddle[25,26]2.3.1.2Penman1948PenmanRothansted[27]1953ConveyMonteithPenman-Monteith[23,28,29]PenmanFAO1977PenmanCCFAO1979Penman[30][10]15PenmanAllen[31~33]PenmanPenman-Monteith11Penman-MonteithJensen[34]20Penman-Monteith19903FAOPenman-MonteithFAOPenman-Monteith[35]2.3.1.1Penman-MonteithPenman-MonteithFAO-56Penman-MonteithET0[36,37]PenmanPenman-MonteithPenman-MonteithPeter[38,39][40]1990-1997PenmanFAOPenman-Monteith2.3.1.3FAO56Penman-MonteithET0[25,41,42])34.01()(273900)(408.0220ueeuTGRETasn++∆−++−∆=γγ2-11ET0mm/d-kPa/kPa/16RnMJ/m2dGMJ/m2dTu22mm/seskPaeakPa2)3.237()]3.23727.17exp(6108.0[4098++=∆TTT2-12λγP00163.0=2-1326.5)2930065.0293(3.101zP−×=2-14zmλMJ/kgλT002361.0501.2−=λ2-15es2)()(min0max0TeTees+=2-16)3.23727.17exp(6108.0)(maxmaxmax0+×=TTTe2-17)3.23727.17exp(6108.0)(minminmin0+×=TTTe2-18e0TmaxkPaTmaxTminea100meansaRHee=2-19RHmean%RnnlnsnRRR−=2-2017ansRNnR)5.025.0(77.0+=2-21)sincoscossinsin(0820.06024ssradRωδϕδϕωπ+××××=2-22))(14.034.0)(1.09.0(1045.2449knkxdnlTTeNnR+−+××=−2-23RnsMJ/m2dRnlMJ/m2dRaMJ/m2dnhNhsωraddrδradϕradRnlMJ/m2dTmaxkKTminkKRa)3652cos(033.01Jdrπ+=2-24)tantanarccos(δϕ−=sw2-25)39.13652sin(409.0−=Jπδ2-26swNπ24=2-27JGGG=0.07Ti+1-Ti-12-28Ti+1G=0.14Ti-Ti-12-29TiTi-112m)42.58.67ln(87.42−=zuuz2-3018uzm/szm2.3.2[23]FAO56[43,44]ET=KcET02-31ET=Kcb+KeET02-32KcKcbETET0KeKcbET0[45][46][47][48~53]FAO[54]Kc192.4[46]2.5ETET0Penman-Monteith203.13.1.1542km281.35732“”752.0m6km36571154631m2050cm5065cm65130cm1m25.33%1.38g/cm30.8%48PPM2.9PPM95PPM7.0g/L13°C559.6mm2060mm2516.2h1963.1.212.22×3m0.011.8m0.2m1.5m0.15m2155~60%245~50%215560%112131415161776431m20cm10411m5186575≥05006000.51.0cm1.02.0cm1.52.0cm2280%40cm60cm80cm67[24]667Mhγθγ=′3-1Mmmhmθhγγ′hg/cm390mm60~75mm8233.2753-1143-23-1mmTable3-1Empiricalcompartmentalizestandardofhydrologicalyearingrowingperiod1601101601103-2Ta