The-Civil--Rights-Movement

CivilRightsMovement，UnitedStates（1955-1968）TheCivilRightsMovementisthatAfricanAmericansagainstracialdiscriminationandoppression,political,economicandsocialequalityfortherightsofthemassstrugglesinthemid-20thcentury,50to60mid-race.AfricanAmericans,thelargestminorityintheUnitedStates,weresufferingfromlong-termracialdiscrimination.MainEventsIn1954,U.S.SupremeCourtclaimedthatschoolsintheBoardofEducationwhichinsistedracialdiscriminationwereillegal.In1955,inAlabama,Montgomery,blackcitizenstookfullstrikeagainstthebussegregationofblackandwhite.In1960,peoplegenerallycarriedoutsittinginpublicplacesinsouthernstates,showingthattherangeofmotionisbeyondthelimitsofacity.In1961and1962,thefocusofthecivilrightsmovementwereopposedtotheapartheidsystemandthecoachforSouthernblackstovote.1954年,美国最高法院声称学校教育委员会坚持认为种族歧视是非法.1955年，阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利市黑人为反对公共汽车上的种族隔离制度。1960年，南部各州普遍开展在公共场所的静坐示威，显示出运动范围已越出某一城市的局限，主动冲击种族隔离制。1961年和1962年，民权运动的重点分别是反对长途汽车上的种族隔离制和争取南部黑人的选举权。TheEmancipationProclamation《解放奴隶宣言》AbrahamLincoln（1809－1865）1863-1-1MontgomeryBusBoycott（蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动）OnDecember1,1955,RosaParksrefusedtogetupoutofherseatonapublicbustomakeroomforwhitepassengers.Rosawasarrested,tried,andconvictedfordisorderlyconductandviolatingalocalordinance.Afterwordofthisincidentreachedtheblackcommunity,50African-AmericanleadersgatheredandorganizedtheMontgomeryBusBoycotttoprotestthesegregationofblacksandwhitesonpublicbuses.Theboycottlastedfor382days(1956wasaleapyear),untilthelocalordinancesegregatingAfrican-Americansandwhitesonpublicbuseswaslifted.cRosaParksMotherofcivilrightsmovementThepeak：IHaveaDreamIn1963twentyfiftythousandpeoplegottogethertofightagainstapartheidandtheU.S.civilrightsleaderMartinLutherKingdeliveredthefamousspeech“IHaveaDream”asthepeakofthecivilrightsmovementinLincolnMemorialSquareinWashington.（1963年，有二百零五万人一起对抗种族歧视，在华盛顿林肯纪念堂广场，美国民权运动领袖马丁·路德·金发表了著名的演讲“我有一个梦想”，标志人权运动达到了高峰。）MartinLutherKing,Jr(1929,1,15－1968,4,4)LeaderMovementculminatedin1963.April,inthemostsegregatedBirmingham,Alabama,protestsbrokeouttheblackstruggle,forcingtheauthoritiestoacceptblacksrequirements.August,heldinWashington,thecity'slargestdemonstrationever,25millionblackandwhitesympathizersheldjobsandfreedomforfreetoenter.“1963年4月，在种族隔离最严重的阿拉巴马州伯明翰市，爆发黑人抗议示威斗争，迫使当局接受黑人要求。1963年8月，在华盛顿举行该市有史以来规模最大的示威游行，25万黑人和白人同情者举行争取就业和自由的“自由进军”。Greatpressureinthecivilrightsmovement,theU.S.Congressin1964throughtheCivilRightsAct,passedin1965,ElectionRightsAct,officiallythroughlegislationbytheendofAfricanAmericansinthevotingrestrictionsandvariouspublicfacilitiesinracialdiscriminationandapartheid.After1964,theblackmovementtooktotheroadofarmedstruggleuprising.在民权运动的巨大压力下，美国国会于1964年通过《公民权利法案》，1965年通过《选举权利法》，正式以立法形式结束美国黑人受到的在选举权方面的限制和各种公共设施方面的种族歧视和种族隔离制度。1964年以后，黑人运动走上武装抗暴斗争的道路。