(完整版)不定式、动名词、过去分词作定语的用法

不定式作定语的用法不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。1、主谓关系的（1）Wemustfindapersontodothework.(2)Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.(3)Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.(4)Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(5)Weneedsomeonetogoandgetadoctor.2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。（1）Hehasalotofbookstoread.(2)Iwouldlikeamagazinetolookat.(3)Hereissomeadviceforyoutofollow.(4)Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?(5)Thereisnoonetotakecareof.(6)Shehasnothingtoworryabout.3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，应多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词，所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。（1）Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.(2)Let’sfindaroomtoputthesethingsin(3）Ihavenohousetolivein.(4)Hehasnopentowritewith.(5)Therearefivepairstochoosefrom.4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的，被修饰词多是些抽象名词。（1）Ihavenotimetogotothemovie.（2）There’snoneedtosendforadoctor.(3)Where’sthebestplacetomeet?(4)Isthatthewaytodoit?(5）I’mnotsureabouthisabilitytocompletethetaskalone.练习1.Hehasnofriend_______(depend)on.2.Heisnotthekindofman(do)suchthings.3.Ihavealotofwork(finish)today.4.Thereisagoodrule(go)by.5.Thankyouforgivingmethechance(make)thespeech.6.Sheisalwaysthefirst(answer)questions.7.Canyoufindaproperperson(finish)thisjobintime动词的-ing形式做定语动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置，如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如：1.Heisanattackingplayer.他是一个攻击型的运动员。2.Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。3.Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。4.Doyouknowthenumberofpeoplecomingtotheparty?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。如：1.Ayoungmanwritingnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.→Ayoungmanwhowritesnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。2.Thegirlsittingnexttomewasmycousin.→Thegirlwhowassittingnexttomewasmycousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查，即：1)说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。如：1.Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。2.Hemaybeinthereadingroom，forallIknow.他说不定在阅览室里。3.Ladiesandgentlemen，pleasegoandwaitinthemeetingroom.女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。如：1.Therewereabout200childrenstudyingintheartschool.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。2.WhoisthewomantalkingtoourEnglishteacher?正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?练习：1.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_____.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars.2.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket______thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover3.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents____Chineseintheschool，most_____werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom4.Thequestion______atpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.A.tobediscussingB.todiscussC.beendiscussedD.beingdiscussed5.Chinaisa_____country______tothethirdworld.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6.---Whoistheman______totheteacher?---Amodelworker_____ourschool.A.talks，visitsB.istalking;isvisitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visited7.Theflowers_____sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt8.Thereareafewboys(swim)intheriver.9.Thereisacar(wait)outside.10.People(wait)forthebusoftenshelteredinmydoorway.11.Theboy(sit)behindmeismybrother.12.Thegirl(swim)inthepoolismydaughter过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况.1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义.a)被动意义:anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料.b):完成意义:aretiredteacher一位退休的教师Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶.2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句.如:Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).这将是这类小说中写得最好的.Thepeoplecaught=(whowascaught)bythepolicewasathief.被警察抓获的那个人是个贼练习：1.-----Whowouldyouliketoseeatthemoment?------Theman_____John.A.calledhimB.wecallhimCcallingD.called2.The_____glasscupwas______byJohn.A.breaking;brokenB.breaking;breakingC.broken,brokenD.broken;breaking3.EnglishisdifferentfromEnglishinmanyways.A.Spoken,writtenB.Speaking,writtenC.Spoken,writingD.Speak,write4.Pricesofgoods,throughacomputer,canbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying5.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetbythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay6.Thetrees_____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownD.toblowdown7.With______leaves______intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.A.falling;buryingB.fallen;buriedC.fallen;buryingD.falling;buried8.Sheaskediftherewasanything_______fortonight.A.toplanB.plannedC.thatplansD.planning9.Ismellsomething__________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt10.Hefeltvery______afterfinishinghiswork.AexcitedBexcitingCexciteDbadly