佛教英语介绍

佛教BuddhismBuddhismisoneoftheworld’sthreemajorreligions.ItwasfoundedbySiddharthaGautama(悉达多乔达摩)wholivedinthenorth-eastregionoftheIndiansubcontinentbetween6BCand5BC.BuddhismwaswidespreadinmanycountriesinAsia.DuringtheEasternHanDynastyitwasspreadfromtheWesttotheEastintoChina.ThenasaresultoftheBuddhistinfluenceonandmergencewithChineseculture,BuddhismcametobeanaturalpartofChinesecivilization,albeitwithauniquecharacter.BuddhismhasplayedanenormousroleinshapingthemindsetoftheChinesepeople，affectingouraesthetics,politics,literature,philosophyandmedicine.BuddhistImmortalsandMyths佛教形象和神话阿罗汉ArhatItreferstothosewhohaveattainedthegoalofenlightenmentorawakeningandachievednirvana(涅磐)withoutbeingreborn.ThedifferencebetweenanArhatandaBuddhaisthattheBuddhaattainsenlightenmentbyhimself,whereasthearhatdoesitbyfollowingtheteachingsofanther.阿弥陀佛Amitabha“Amitabha”isaSanskritworldliterallymeaningboundlesslightandboundlesslife.HeistheBuddhaintheLandofUltimateBliss(极乐世界)，inwhichallbeingsenjoyunboundhappiness.Accordingtothescriptures,Amitabhapossessesinfinitemeritresultingfromgooddeedsovercountlesspastlives.Hehasforty-eightgreatvowstoestablishandadornhisPureLand.Peoplealsoreciteorcalluponhisnamebythetimeofdying,inthehopeofbeingbornintheLandofUltimateBlisswiththereceptionbyAmitabha.Amitabhaisoneofthemostpopularandwell-knownBuddhainChina.AintroductionofBuddha:Inabroadsense,Buddhaisakindofpersonwhosesense,emotionandabilityhavebeenfulfilledtotheupmostatthesametime.Theycanleadtheordinarypeopletogetridofthesufferingsinmortalworldandtoanewleveloflife.Inanarrowsense,BuddhaisSakyamuni(释迦牟尼)whocreatedBuddhismandwhohasfulfilledhimselftobeaBuddha.FeaturesofBuddhaNO.1:Buddhaisahumanbeing,notimmortal.Buddhismistheonlyreligionthathasnogodsorgoddesses.WhenSakyamuniwasborn,hisfirstwordwas“IaloneamhonoredinHeavenandonEarth”(天上天下唯我独尊).Here,“I”doesn’trefertohimselfbutreferstoalltheindividualsintheworld.Sakyamunibelievesthateveryone’slifeisdeterminedbyhisowndeedsandevenBuddhacan’tdecidewhoshouldgototheHeavenandwhototheHell.FeaturesofBuddhaNO.2:BuddhaisaequalitysupporterWeallknowthatBuddhismpreach“infinitelymercifulandcompassionate”(大慈大悲),whichmeansholdingaffectionatelovetoeveryonenomatterwhotheyareandconsideringallthehumanbeingsasaentiretyincludingyourself.Also,Buddhismdisapprovethatnon-humancreaturesarecreatedtogivehumansfoodFeaturesofBuddhaNO.3:Buddhaisnotunique,everyonehasanopportunitytobeaBuddha.Buddhaisahumanbeing,andtheonlydifferencebetweenhimandtheordinarypeopleisthetimeofawareness(觉悟时间的先后).“Buddha”isanameforalltheawarepeople,notonlyreferstoSakyamuni.FeaturesofBuddhaNO.4:BuddhismdoesnotadmitthecreatorofallthecreaturesBuddhismdon’tbelievetherewasafirst“start”oftheuniverse.Anew“start”istheendoftheformeraffair.Thecausalrelationship(因果关系)iscirculatingandendless.宇宙的原素是永恒的，生命的因素也是永恒的，前者是物质不灭，后者是精神不灭。WhatisBuddhism?什么是佛教？Buddhismisareligiontoabout300millionpeoplearoundtheworld.Thewordcomesfrom'budhi','toawaken'.Ithasitsoriginsabout2,500yearsagowhenSiddharthaGotama,knownastheBuddha,washimselfawakened(enlightened)attheageof35.佛教是一种约有三亿人信仰的世界性宗教。这个词来自于'菩堤'，意思是'觉悟'。佛教大约起源于2500年前，是悉达多乔达摩(称为佛陀)在35岁时觉悟后所发起的。•IsBuddhismaReligion?佛教是一种宗教吗？Tomany,Buddhismgoesbeyondreligionandismoreofaphilosophyor'wayoflife'.Itisaphilosophybecausephilosophy'meansloveofwisdom'andtheBuddhistpathcanbesummedupas:(1)toleadamorallife,(2)tobemindfulandawareofthoughtsandactions,and(3)todevelopwisdomandunderstanding.对于许多人来说，佛教超越宗教，更象是一种哲学或'生活艺术'。说它是一种哲学，因为哲学'意指热爱智慧'。佛教的修行路径可以概括为：（1）引导人们过着高尚的道德生活(戒)，（2）教人观察身心注意思想行为(定)，（3）通过修行获得智慧(慧)。•HowCanBuddhismHelpMe?佛教对我能有什么帮助？Buddhismexplainsapurposetolife,itexplainsapparentinjusticeandinequalityaroundtheworld,anditprovidesacodeofpracticeorwayoflifethatleadstotruehappiness.佛教解释了生命的真相，它对世上的种种不公正以及不平等现象(人生的痛苦)作出了解释，并提供了修行解脱的道路，使人走向真正的幸福。•WhyisBuddhismBecomingPopular?为什么佛教越来越受人欢迎？Buddhismisbecomingpopularinwesterncountriesforanumberofreasons,ThefirstgoodreasonisBuddhismhasanswerstomanyoftheproblemsinmodernmaterialisticsocieties.Italsoincludes(forthosewhoareinterested)adeepunderstandingofthehumanmind(andnaturaltherapies)whichprominentpsychologistsaroundtheworldarenowdiscoveringtobebothveryadvancedandeffective.佛教在西方国家越来越流行有许多原因，首先一个原因是佛教解答了现代功利社会出现的许多问题。还有就是(对于那些有兴趣的人来说)佛教深刻剖析人的心灵，世界各地著名的心理学家都发现佛教对心灵的了解（和自然疗法）都是非常先进和有效的。•WhyaresoManyBuddhistCountriesPoor?为什么那么多信仰佛教的国家贫穷？OneoftheBuddhistteachingsisthatwealthdoesnotguaranteehappinessandalsowealthisimpermanent.Thepeopleofeverycountrysufferwhetherrichorpoor,butthosewhounderstandBuddhistteachingscanfindtruehappiness.佛教的一个教义是：财富并不能保证真正的幸福并且财富也是无常的。每个国家的人读都有苦，无论贫穷与富贵，只有那些修行了悟佛法的人才能找到真正的幸福(才能断苦)。•WhatistheNoble8-FoldPath?什么是八正道？Insummary,theNoble8-foldPathisbeingmoral(throughwhatwesay,doandourlivelihood),focussingthemindonbeingfullyawareofourthoughtsandactions,anddevelopingwisdombyunderstandingtheFourNobleTruthsandbydevelopingcompassionforothers.总的来说八正道就是在说话做事及工作谋生上注意守戒(端正品行)，用心观察我们的思想及行动(修定)，并且从体悟四圣谛中获得智慧以及培养对人的慈悲心。•Whatarethe5Precepts?五戒是什么？ThemoralcodewithinBuddhismistheprecepts,ofwhichthemainfiveare:nottotakethe