高考英语怎样使用高级词汇写作

专题一怎样使用高级词汇写出好句子高考英语书面表达评分标准鼓励考生使用高级词汇。但使用高级词汇并不等于使用一些偏难、古怪的词汇，而是使用一些表意准确、形象生动、语法正确且符合以英语为母语的人的习惯表达方式的词汇。在使用时，应遵循以下原则：高级但不造作、多变但不离谱、复杂但不晦涩。我们可以尝试如下方法。一、词性需多样化在写作时，考生们用得较多的是动词。其实在表达相同意义时，变换着使用同意义的名词、形容词、介词(短语)等句型结构，只要使用得体，就能产生十分明显的表达效果。例如：1.Theprofitofourcompanyhasincreasedsharply.也可表达为：Ourcompanyhasexperiencedasharpincreaseinitsprofit./Ourcompanyhasasharpincreaseinitsprofit./Theprofitofourcompanyisonasharpincrease．2.Ourproductsaleshavedecreasedby10%.也可表达为：Ourproductsaleshaveundergoneaslightdecrease./Ourproductsalesareonthedeclineby10%.二、同义词多样化在写作中我们应尽量避免重复使用同一单词或短语来表达同一意思，必要时应恰当地使用同义词(组)来进行替换。因为表达方式过于单一，不免有黔驴技穷之嫌，而丰富的表达方式则可反映出我们较高的英语应用能力和较大的课外阅读量。比如，在介绍自己或某人的兴趣与爱好时，不仅可说“Ilike…”或“I’minterestedin…”还可用enjoy/prefer,beinto/fondof/crazyabout/absorbedin/addictedto/onfirefor,takepleasurein/haveastrongdesirefor/show(display)aninterestin/goinfor/haveapreferencefor/haveanappetitefor等词和短语。在表达赞成或反对观点时，可使用befor/against,(not)agreewith,(not)believesth.或approve/disapproveof(doing)sth.;而seesth.可用catchsightofsth.替换；usesth.可用makeuseof/makethebestofsth.替换。例如：1.BeforeIwasacollegestudent,Iconsiderediteasytobeacollegestudent.Atthattime,Iwaseagertobeacollegestudent.Iimaginedtheinterestinglifeofacollegestudent.也可表达为：BeforeIenteredcollege,Iconsiderediteasytobeacollegestudent.Atthattime,Iwaseagertobeoneofthem.Iimaginedtheinterestinglifeontheuniversitycampus.2.Asaresulttheplanwasafailure.也可表达为：Theplanturned/worked/cameouttobeafailure.三、遣词贴切细致遣词造句的贴切细致，体现了写作者对于一个单词的内在意义(包括其褒贬义、感情色彩等)的体味与运用。比如“农民”，peasant一词有“粗俗”与“无知”的意味，带有贬义色彩，而farmer则不然。再如：DumplingisthemostimportantfoodfortheSpringFestival,anditisanimportantthingforustopayNewYearcallstoourgoodrelativesandfriends.也可表达为：DumplingisthetypicalfoodfortheSpringFestival,anditisatraditionforustopayNewYearcallstoourcloserelativesandfriends.在写作中，应避免过多使用thing,good,bad,important,wonderful等抽象的词，因为这些词的词义非常宽泛，易造成语意模糊。试比较下列两组句子。1.Thankyouforspendingthetimewithus.Thankyouforsharingthetimewithus.2.Beingwarm-heartedisthemostimportantthingforeveryone.Beingwarm-heartedisthemostimportantvirtueforeveryone.四、造句独辟蹊径句意表达中，主体词汇的选择要尽可能做到超越平凡，独辟蹊径。例如：“起程回家”，我们可不说“gohome”，而说“setoffforhome”或“headhome”；“取得很大进步”可以说“makegreatprogress”，也可以说“makemajorprogress”。像这样使用他人所不常用之词，在表达上就独树一帜，稍显优势。当然，这种遣词造句的技巧只有在平时多浏览原味的英文材料，方可集腋成裘。下面试析画线部分被替换后的句意效果：1.Itwillbeveryinteresting.(alotoffun)2.Thebookisalmostfinished.(justabout)3.Thiswordhasseveralmeanings.(acoupleof)4.Thatisadifficultjob.(challenging)5.Helearnedabouteverythingatlast.(eventually)6.Ishouldthankyoufortakingsomuchtroubletohelpme.(amparticularly/trulygratefulto)7.Thewayhelooksattheworldisverypractical.(views)8.Thenoisenearlymadememad.(drove)五、恰当运用修辞在写作中若能准确地运用各种英语修辞手法，就能使句意表达得更形象生动，富有韵致。例如：1.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.Theyear1949sawthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.(拟人)2.I’mtoobusynow.I’masbusyasabeeatpresent.(比喻)3.Ireceivedalotoflettersthismorning.Ireceivedafloodoflettersthismorning.(夸张)1.请用适当的词或短语替换句中画线部分。①Ourcompanyneedssalesstaffverymuch.______________________________________________________________②ItcanbeverycoldthiswinterinWuhan.______________________________________________________________③Asyouknow,Ilikeplayinggolfbest．______________________________________________________________④Therearemanyinternationalstudentsinourcollege．______________________________________________________________⑤Thepupilshavealotofhomeworktodoeveryday.______________________________________________________________Key:1.①badly②bitterly③myfavoritesportis④Ourcollegebringstogether⑤tonsof/endless⑥Thesmallvillageisatthefootofthemountains._______________________________________________________________⑦VisitorshaveenjoyedthedeliciousItalianfood,tryingasmanykindsoflocalsnacksaspossible._______________________________________________________________⑧Wewereclearthatthecircledancetoldthebeesaboutthelocationofthefeedingplace._______________________________________________________________⑨Asweallknow,MrJoneslikesvariousactivities,includingmusic,sportsaswellascomputergames._______________________________________________________________⑩Napoleonwasverymuchsurprisedatthetwoanswers.Helookedatthetallman,“Eitheryouaremad,orIam.”hedeclared._______________________________________________________________Key:⑥islocated/lies⑦varieties⑧Itwasevident⑨isfondof/hasgreatinterestin⑩astonished2.请用更贴切的短语替换句中的画线部分，并写在句后的横线上。①Becausetheweatherwasgood,ourjourneywascomfortable.________________________________________________________________②Whensheheardhehaddied,shewentpalewithsorrow.________________________________________________________________③Assoonashearrivedhome,hefoundallthewindowsopen.________________________________________________________________④Wehaven’tseeneachothersincefiveyearsago．________________________________________________________________⑤Hehasrecentlypublishedabookwhichdealswithlungcancer.________________________________________________________________⑥Thepresidentsaidhedecidedtotalktomeontheconditionwhenwecanseeeachother．_______________________________________________________________