基于ArcGIS的三维数字社区基础数据库设计与...

西安科技大学硕士学位论文基于ArcGIS的三维数字社区基础数据库设计与功能实现姓名：张岚申请学位级别：硕士专业：地图学与地理信息系统指导教师：郭岚@题目：基于ArcGIS的三维数字社区基础数据库设计与功能实现专业：地图学与地理信息系统硕士生：张岚（签名）指导教师：郭岚（签名）摘要随着我国信息化水平的提高,以数字技术、网络技术等为代表的信息技术已渗透到城市规划、建设与管理和城市生产与生活等各方面。随着数字地球和数字城市的发展，作为城市基本生活单元的住宅小区的数字化建设在全国各地也纷纷展开。由于人们生活、工作的环境是一个三维的空间，要想实现真正的数字化社区，三维GIS的应用必将成为实现目标的首要工作。三维的社区可以表达能给人以更真实的感受，它以立体造型技术给用户展现地理空间现象，不仅能表达空间对象间的平面关系，而且能描述和表达它们之间的垂向关系；对空间对象进行三维空间分析和操作也是三维数字社区特有的功能，所以三维数字社区的建设将势在必行。三维GIS技术的研究是目前国内外GIS界研究的热点,建立三维景观模型以及在此基础上实现三维GIS,不仅在城市规划管理、规划设计、市政建设、住宅产业发展、土地监测管理、环境监测评价、地质灾害防治与城市可持续发展战略研究制定等众多方面有广阔的发展前景,而且在其他分析、评价、决策等部门也有积极的现实意义。由于二维GIS是基于抽象符号的系统,无法给人以实体的本原感受,因此对数字社区的研究也从传统的二维GIS技术研究转变到以三维GIS仿真模型的研究为主,以立体造型技术面向用户，直观的展示地理空间现象,使用户有身临其境的感觉。三维模型的建立是三维数字社区建立的基础。三维数字社区建模是以计算机技术、三维仿真技术和多媒体技术为基础,运用数据库技术存储和管理空间信息,实现小区在三维虚拟环境中的重建。通过三维GIS,可以完成二维GIS无法实现的一些分析,从而实现对三维场景的实时浏览。在三维虚拟环境中，人们能够用动态交互的方式对整个小区进行身临其境的全方位审视:可以从任何角度、距离和精细程度观察场景；可以选择并自由切换多种运动模式；还可以自由控制浏览的路线和多种环境效果的实时切换比较。三维场景的人机交互性、真实建筑空间感和多彩的环境效果,都是二维方式所无法相比的。本文主要结合目前三维数字社区发展的特点，充分利用数字社区现有的相关空间数据和属性数据，实现数字社区的三维显示和相关属性信息的实时查询。本课题成功地将三维建模软件和GIS软件相结合对数据进行操作，重点研究了如何获取数据、如何对数据进行处理以及如何对实体进行三维模型建立，最终在ArcScene场景中实现三维场景的显示及属性信息的实时查询。关键词：三维数字社区；三维建模；三维显示；三维查询研究类型：应用研究SubjectSubjectSubjectSubject::::DesignDesignDesignDesignofofofofDatabaseDatabaseDatabaseDatabaseandandandandImplementImplementImplementImplementooooffffthethethetheFunctionFunctionFunctionFunctionononononThree-dimensionalThree-dimensionalThree-dimensionalThree-dimensionalDigitalDigitalDigitalDigitalCommunityCommunityCommunityCommunityBasedBasedBasedBasedononononArcGISArcGISArcGISArcGISSSSSpecialtypecialtypecialtypecialty:Cartography:Cartography:Cartography:CartographyandandandandGeographicGeographicGeographicGeographicInformationInformationInformationInformationSystemSystemSystemSystemNameNameNameName:Zhang:Zhang:Zhang:ZhangLanLanLanLan(Signature)(Signature)(Signature)(Signature)InstructorInstructorInstructorInstructor:Guo:Guo:Guo:GuoLanLanLanLan(Signature)(Signature)(Signature)(Signature)ABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACTWithahigherlevelofChina'sinformationtechnology,digitaltechnology,networktechnologyastherepresentativesofinformationtechnologyhasinfiltratedintotheurbanplanning,constructionandmanagementandurbanproductionandlifeandsoon.Theconstructionofresidentialquartersasanurbanbasiclivingunitarealsostartedthroughoutthecountrywiththedevelopingofdigitalearthanddigitalurban.Theenvironmentofpeopleliveandworkisathree-dimensionalspace,inordertoachievetruedigitalcommunities,three-dimensionalGISapplicationswillbecometheprimaryworktoachieveitsobjectives.Three-dimensionalexpressionofthecommunitycangivepeopleamorerealisticfeel,itshowsthree-dimensionalmodelingtechnologytotheusersofgeospatialphenomena,notonlytoexpressspatialrelationshipsbetweenobjectsoftheplane,butalsotodescribeandexpresstheverticalrelationshipbetweenthem;It’sSpecificfeaturesthatthree-dimensionalspatialanalysisandoperationtothree-dimensionaldigitalcommunity-specificfeatures,sotheconstructionofthree-dimensionaldigitalcommunitywillbeimperative.Three-dimensionalGISiscurrentlytheGISindustrytostudythehotspotathomeandabroad,establishthree-dimensionallandscapemodelsandachievethree-dimensionalGISonthisbasis,notonlyhavebroadprospectsfordevelopmentinurbanplanningandmanagement,planninganddesign,municipalconstruction,residentialpropertydevelopment,landmonitoringandmanagement,environmentalmonitoringandevaluation,geologicaldisasterpreventionandurbansustainabledevelopmentstrategystudyandformulation,butalsoinotheranalysis,evaluation,decision-makingandotherdepartmentshaveapositivepracticalsignificance.Asthetwo-dimensionalGISisbasedonanabstractsymbolsystemswhichcannotgivepeopleakindofprimitivefeelingsofnature,sothestudyofdigitalcitiesfromthetraditionaltwo-dimensionalGIStechnologytransitiontotheresearchofthree-dimensionalsimulationmodelbasedonGIS,facedtouserwiththree-dimensionalmodelingtechnologyandorienteddisplayofgeo-spatialphenomena,sothatusershavefeelingofbythemselves.Theestablishmentofthree-dimensionalmodelisthebasicofthree-dimensionaldigitalcommunitybuilding.ThreedimensionaldigitalCommunitymodelisbasedoncomputertechnology,three-dimensionalsimulationtechnologyandmultimediatechnology,storagespaceinformationandmanagementinformationusedatabasetechnologytoachievetherebuildinginthree-dimensionalvirtualenvironmentreconstruction.Throughthree-dimensionalGIS,tocompleteanumberofanalyzedwhichtwo-dimensionalGIScannotdoandachievereal-timeviewofthethree-dimensionalscene.Inthethree-dimensionalvirtualenvironment,peoplecanusethewayofdynamicallyinteracttoconductafullrangeofimmersivelookcanchooseandfreedomtoswitchmulti-sportsmode;alsofreereinbrowselineandreal-timeswitchcomparisonofvarietyofenvironmentaleffects,Itshuman-computerinteraction,therealsenseofarchitecturalspaceandcolorfulenvironmentaleffects,areunmatchedbytwo-dimensionalmanner.Inthispaper,combiningthecharacteristicsofthecurrenturbancommunitydevelopment,makingfulluseofexistingcommunity-relatedspatialdataandattributedata,toachivedigitalcommunities'sthree-dimensionaldisplayandreal-timequeriesofre