专四虚拟语气总结(打印)

1专四语法（虚拟语气）概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句—主将从现eg.Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反动词过去式(be用were不分人称)would/should/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would/should/might/couldhave+动词过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式(be用were)should+动词原形wereto+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotgothere.IfIhadtime,Iwoulddoitagain.IfIhadknownofyourarrival,Ishouldhavemetyouatthestation.Ifshehadfurtherconsideredtheproblem,shemighthavecometothecorrectconclusion.真题举例：21.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_____quitesuchacrowdpeoplethere.（00,49）[C]A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeenC.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’tbe2.Ifyourcar_____duringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.（98,43）[B]A.shallneedB.shouldneedC.wouldneedD.willneed3.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasiertolearn.(09,52)[B]A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen4._____forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.(02,60）[A]A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot5.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he_____abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(05,51)[A]A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were6.Iwastohavemadeaspeechif_____.(97,51)[C]A.IwasnotcalledawayB.nobodywouldhavecalledmeawayC.IhadnotbeencalledawayD.nobodycalledmeaway错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。Haditnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)真题举例：1.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_____muchbetterresultsnow.(08,52)[D]A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget2._____ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?(04,54)[A]A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.WereyousurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised识别事实和假设混合句Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)3真题举例：1.Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe_____toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.（07,60）[C]A.hadhadB.hasC.hadD.wouldhave2._____you____furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.(05,63)[C]A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,had3.Ifyourcar_____anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.(98,43)[B]A.shallneedB.shouldneedC.wouldneedD.willneed含蓄虚拟条件句有时句中并未出现条件句，其假设情况是由上下文含蓄地提供的，这种句子称为含蓄条件句。eg.Amorecarefulstudentwouldn’thavemadesuchglaringmistakes.Withhisaidyouwouldhavesucceededinit.Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.Shemusthavebeenill,otherwiseshewouldhavecometoschool.(1)连词but,butthat,or,orelse；副词otherwise,unfortunately等表示转折假设。如：Asafetyanalysiswouldhaveidentifiedthetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened;otherwisehewouldn’thavemadesuchastupidremark.Iusedmycalculator;otherwiseI’dhavetakenmuchlonger.(2)介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without,butfor,undermorefavorableconditions等。如：Butforyourtimelyadvice,Iwouldneverhaveknownhowtogoaboutthework.（94年）Thestormdelayedus.Butforthestormwewouldhavebeenintime.SupposingIacceptedthisoffer,whatwouldyousay?Withoutyourtimelyhelp,mydaughterwouldhavedrowned.(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were+不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished+不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。如：Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.(4)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如：Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.真题举例：1.You___Jimanythingaboutit.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.(00,48)[A]A.needn’thavetoldB.needn’ttellC.mustn’thavetoldD.mustn’ttell2.Aren'tyoutired?I____youhaddoneenoughfortoday.(09,61)[A]A.shouldhavethoughtB.musthavethoughtC.mighthavethoughtD.couldhavethought43.You_____Markanything.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.(98,52)[A]A.needn’thavetoldB.needn’ttellC.mustn’thavetoldD.mustn’ttell虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题：_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo,而不能说Weren'tItodo.例1:______forthef