26复合益生菌发酵饲料工艺参数优化及品质评定

上海交通大学硕士学位论文学号：1071509029复合益生菌发酵饲料工艺参数优化及品质评定COMPOSITEPROBIOTICFERMENTEDFEEDPROCESSPARAMETERSOPTIMIZATIONANDQUALITYASSESSMENT学院：农业与生物学院学科专业：动物营养与饲料科学作者：李龙指导教师：徐建雄（教授）日期：2010年1月2本论文得到下列项目资助国家科技支撑计划资助项目2006BAD1206I复合益生菌发酵饲料工艺参数优化及品质评定摘要本研究通过复合益生菌发酵饲料菌种筛选、复合益生菌发酵饲料工艺参数及品质研究、复合益生菌发酵饲料对肥育猪生产性能的影响试验，探讨研制具有微生物饲料添加剂和发酵饲料双重特点的复合益生菌发酵饲料的可能性，为复合益生菌发酵饲料的生产与应用提供理论依据。1．利用多种菌株，筛选产酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶较高菌种，进行复合益生菌与单菌发酵对照试验、单菌与复合益生菌组合发酵试验和正交组合发酵试验，结果显示：在5%接种量、40%发酵水分、30℃发酵3天后，复合益生菌发酵时饲料中酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、pH值均明显优于其它组，因此确定发酵菌种为复合益生菌。2.研究了复合益生菌发酵饲料工艺参数及饲料品质变化。以玉米、小麦粉、菜籽粕和豆粕按一定比例混合为原料，采用复合益生菌固态发酵法，探讨菌种接种量、发酵水分、温度、时间等对饲料品质的影响。结果显示，复合益生菌接种量、水分、温度和时间均对发酵饲料有显著影响，选择适宜的发酵工艺参数，可显著提高饲料乳酸菌数量、乳酸含量、游离氨基酸、粗蛋白体外消化率和小分子肽含量。适宜的发酵参数为复合益生菌接种量5%、温度30~35℃、水分40%、发酵3天，所得发酵产品为金黄色、芳香味、质地良好，粗蛋白26.13%、游II离氨基酸-N/tN13.73%、pH4.27、细菌总数5.50×108cfu/g、乳酸菌数16.17×108cfu/g、乳酸4.86g/kg、粗蛋白体外消化率提高17.81%、干物质回收率99.04%。3．研究了复合益生菌发酵饲料对肥育猪生产性能的影响。根据确定的复合益生菌发酵工艺参数，发酵酒糟粉、菜籽粕和血粉等非常规饲料，研究其对肥育猪生产性能的影响。试验选择65千克左右的杜×长×大三元杂交猪60头，随机分成4组，每组15头。处理1为对照组，饲喂基础日粮；处理2为非常规饲料对照组，在对照组日粮基础上以未发酵酒糟粉、菜籽粕和血粉替换常规蛋白饲料；处理3在对照组日粮基础上以发酵酒糟粉、菜籽粕和血粉替换常规蛋白饲料；处理4在对照组日粮基础上以发酵酒糟粉替换常规蛋白饲料。结果表明：复合益生菌发酵非常规饲料可显著提高日增重，也可有效降低饲料成本，增加经济收益，每头猪可增收13.86-24.45元。研究证明，复合益生菌发酵饲料具有微生物饲料添加剂和发酵饲料的双重特点，且发酵工艺简便，可操作，生产过程中无废水、废渣的排出，产品可显著提高饲料的利用率，为非常规饲料的有效利用和安全优质畜产品生产提供了方法，具有良好的发展前景。关键词：复合益生菌，固态发酵，工艺参数，生产性能，非常规饲料，经济效益IIICOMPOSITEPROBIOTICFERMENTEDFEEDPROCESSPARAMETERSOPTIMIZATIONANDQUALITYASSESSMENTAbstractThispaperstudiesthroughthecomplexprobioticsstrainscreening,theresearchonprocessparametersofthecomplexprobioticsfermentedfeed,theproductionperformanceonfatteningpigswithcompositeprobioticfermentedfeed.Investigatethepossibilityofadoublefeatureofamicrobialfeedadditivesandfermentedfeedofprobioticfermentedfeed,toprovideatheoreticalforprobioticfermentedfeedcompoundproductionandapplication.1Usingavarietyofstrains,choosethestrainsthatcanproducinghigheracidprotease,neutralproteaseforcompositeprobioticbacteriaandasinglecontrolledfermentedtrial,single-strainprobioticcombinationwiththecomplexcombinationexperimentsandorthogonalcombinationfermentationtest,theresultsshowthattheaddofamountbacteria5.0%,moisture40%，temperature30℃~35℃,fermented3days,acid,neutralproteaseincompositeprobioticfermentedfeedpHvalueareallbetterthanothergroups,thusconfirmingthecompositeprobioticbacteriafermentation.2ProcessparametersandqualityoftheComplexProbioticsfermentedfeedwerestudied.Usingcorn,wheatflour,rapeseedmealandsoybeanIVmealasrawmaterialsmixedaccordingtoacertainproportion,withprobioticssolid-statefermentation,investigatedtheimpactoftheaddofamountbacteria,moisture,temperatureandtimeonthequalityoffermentedfeed.Theresultsshowthatboththeaddofamountbacteria,moisture,temperature,timehaveasignificantinfluencetofermentedfeed.Theappropriatechoiceoffermentationprocessparameterscanimprovethenumberoflacticacidbacteria,lacticacidcontent,freeaminoacids，invitrodigestibilityofcrudeproteinandsmallmoleculepeptide.Inthisexperimenttheoptimumparametersofthefermentedfeedwere:theaddofamountbacteria5.0%,moisture40%，temperature30℃~35℃,fermented3days,thesensoryevaluationoffermentedfeedisgoldenyellow,aromaticflavor,goodtexture,pH4.27,CP26.13%,FAA-N/tN13.73%,thetotalnumberofmicro-organismsis5.50×108cfu/g,lacticacidbacteria16.17×108cfu/g,lacticacid4.86g/kg,DMR99.04%,invitrodigestibilityofcrudeproteinincreased17.81%.3Studiedthecomplexprobioticfermentedfeedontheproductionperformanceoffatteningpigs.Accordingtothedeterminedfermentationprocessparameterstofermentleespowder,rapeseedmealandbloodmeal,andtoreplacetheconventionalproteinfeedintheproportiononpigdiets,tostudyitsimpactontheperformanceofpigsandthusverifyfermentationeffects.60Duroc×Landrace×largethree-waycrosspigs,about65kilogramshavebeendividedintofourgroupsof15werefedfourdifferenttreatmentdiets.Acontrolgroup,fedbasaldiet;processing2basedonthebasaldietwithunfermentedleespowder,rapeseedmealandbloodmealtoreplaceconventionalproteinfeed;handle3inthecontrolgroupbasedonthedietwiththefermentedleespowder,rapeseedmealandbloodmealtoVreplaceconventionalproteinfeed;handle4inthecontrolgroupbasedonthedietwith20%ofthefermentedleespowdertoreplaceconventionalproteinfeed.Theresultsshowedthat:usecompositeprobioticfermentedunconventionalfeedcansignificantlyincreasethedailygain,butalsocaneffectivelyreducefeedcosts,increaseeconomicbenefits,eachpigcanincrease13.86-24.45yuan.Studieshaveshowedthatprobioticfermentedfeedhasadoublefeatureofmicrobialfeedadditivesandfermentationcharacteristics,andthefermentationprocessissimple,operational,productionprocesshavenowastewater,wastedischarges,theproductcansignificantlyimproveafeedutilization,provideamethodoftheeffectiveuseofnon-conventionalfeedandalsocanproductssafetyandhigh-qualitylivestockproducts,hasgoodprospectsfordevelopment.KEYWORDS:Compositeprobiotics,Solidstatefermentation,Processparameters,Productionperformance,Unconventionalfeed,Cost-effectivei目录摘要....................................................................................................................................................I简写符号说明........................