虚拟语气及专项练习题讲解

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIfhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1.should+动词原形2.动词过去式3、wereto+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIfyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词ShouldWould+have+过去分词couldmightIfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)(=Iftherewerenowater,…)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)例句：Withoutyouradvice,ourmeetingwouldn’thavebeensosuccessfully.[过去]（=可转换为：Iftherehadn’tbeenyouradvice,we…）Yournotesarealmostillegible(难以辨认的).Notestypedoutwouldbealoteasiertoread.[将来](=可转换为：Ifthenoteshadbeentypedout,itwouldbealoteasiertoread.)IshouldhavegonetoseeDr.Smithandhemighthavecuredmeofthedisease.[过去](=可转换为：IfhehavegonetoseeDr.Smith,he..)3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should,或had时,可省略if，再把were,should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand,require,insist,urge,request,order,+that…(should)+动词原形devide,ask,move,propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。Heinsiststhatheisright.insist和suggest是常见的动词，它们各自在词义及用法上具有双重性，弄不好会出错误。一、insist：A）作“坚决认为”解释时，其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气。如：Iinsisted(toeveryone)thathewaswrong．我对每个人坚持说他错了。TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel．这阿拉伯人坚持说他从没看见过这头骆驼。B）作“坚决主张、坚决要求”解释时，其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即宾语从句的谓语用（should）dosth。如：Iinsistedthathe（should）gotoseemyfather．我坚决要他去见我的父亲。TheArabinsistedthatthey（should）lookforthecamel．这阿拉伯人坚持要他们去寻找这头骆驼。同时，我们也可以用insistonsth．或insistondoingsth．来表达上述的两种意思。如：Iinsistedonmycorrectness．（＝IinsistedthatIwascorrect．）我坚持认为自己是对的。Heinsistsonhisinnocence．（＝Heinsiststhatheisinnocent．）他坚持认为自己无罪。Weallinsistonnotrestinguntilwefinishthework．（＝Weallinsistthatwe〈should〉notrestuntilwefinishthework．）我们都坚决要求不完工就不休息。Heinsistsonmybeingpresentatthemeeting．（＝HeinsiststhatI〈should〉bepresentatthemeeting．）他一定要我出席这个会议。二、suggest：A）作“使想起、暗示、表明”解释时，其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气。如：Herexpressionsuggestedthatshewasangry．她的表情显示出她生气了。Areyousuggestingthatheistoooldforthejob？你的意思是说他年纪太大了而不能干这工作？B）作“建议”解释时，其后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，也就是说宾语从句的谓语用（should）dosth．。如：Isuggestedthatshe（should）leaveearlyfortheairport．我建议她早点儿动身去机场。HesuggestedthatI（should）wearajacket．他建议我穿一件夹克衫。我们也可以用suggest（one／one's）doingsth．来表达“建议”。如：Isuggestedourclassholdingameetingtodiscusstheproblem．（＝Isuggestedthatourclass〈should〉holdameetingtodiscusstheproblem．）我建议我们班开个班会讨论这个问题。Hesuggestedputtingoffthesportsmeettothenextweek．（＝Hesuggestedthatthesportsmeet〈should〉beputofftothenextweek．）他建议运动会推迟到下周。2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：imperative,advisable,动词完成式Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,essential,strange,等+that…(should)+动词原形Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.不是只能跟虚拟语气的.你要分清什么时候才用虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。如果不是表达那些意思的话是不用到虚拟语气的例如:Itisstrangethathehadmadeamistake.奇怪的是他犯了一个错误。这是一个陈述句，就是陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。Itisstrangethathe(should)havemadeamistake.他居然犯了一个错误，真令人奇怪。这是虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。Itis/was＋形容词/名词＋that主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求，命令或者责备，但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。以下为词典原句:(不过考试作文中建议你还是多用虚拟语气)Itisashamethattherainspoiledourpicnic.真可惜，这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。Itisapity(that)helostsomuchmoney.他损失这麽多钱，真是遗憾。Hewasaverybravemananditissurprisingthathelivedsolong.他是一个非常勇敢的人，而令人惊讶的是他活得那麽长命。Itisstrangethatnobodyknowswherehelives.真奇怪，谁也不知道他住在哪里。附：虚拟语气用在主语从句中有以下几种情况：1.在句型Itisimportant(necessary,strange,impossible,natural)that....中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：(should)+动词原形。如：It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。2.在句型Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,better)that....中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:(should)+动词原形。如：Itwasagreatpitythatyou(should)havemadesomanymistakesinyourmathexercise.太遗憾了，你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误Itwillbebetterthatshestaywithhergrandmother.她和她的祖母在一起就好了。3.在句型Itissuggested(requested,proposed,ordered)that....中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：(should)+动词原形。如：ItwassuggestedthatthesportsmeetbeputoffuntilnextSaturday.大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。Itisdesiredt