专四-倒装句

倒装句1．全部倒装：将整个谓语部分全部放在主语之前全部倒装(1)以介词开头的地点状语置于句首。e.g.1.Fromthewindowcamesoundofmusic.2.Onthegroundliesamanwhoselegisbroken.3.Byhissidesathisfaithfuldog.(2)副词out,in,along,then,now,up,down,away,here,there等位于句首。e.g.1.Herecomesthebus.HerecomesTom.Herehecomes.(如果主语是代词就不需要倒装)2.Downcamethehammerandoutflewthesparks.(3)such位于句首１.Suchwillbemyfuturedreams.2.Suchismywholestory.(4)表语置于句首１．Blessedisthepersonwhoistoobusytoworryinthedaytimeandtoosleepytoworryatnight.2.Gonearethedayswhenwehadnofoodtoeat.2．部分倒装：只将谓语的一部分（如助动词或系动词）放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语之后。部分倒装（2）句首有否定词或否定短语时，句子要部分倒装。A．常见的否定词有：never,hardly,scarcely,little,seldom,not,notuntil,rarely,nosooner…than,nowhere,etc.e.g.1.NowhereintheworldcanyoufindamanwhoismorefoolishthanJohn.2.NosoonerhadItakenabaththanthebellrang.3.Notaworddidhesayatthemeeting.4.NeverbeforehaveIheardsuchastory.5.NotuntilhecamebackdidIleave.（注意：主句中主谓结构部分倒装）6.Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetolosingourlives.Ｂ.常见的否定短语有：innoway,innocase,atnotime,bynomeans,innosense,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances放句首表示强调，译为“决不。。。”e.g.1.InnowaydoIblameyouforwhathappened.2.Onnoaccountwillthemanagertoleraterudenessfromhisemployees.C.如果否定词不是修饰整个句子，而只是限定句子主语，则句子不用倒状。e.g.NotonlyIbutalsohehasbeenthere.(2)“so+形容词或副词”及“totheextent/degree”放在句首，表示程度，句子要倒状.e.g.1.Tosuchanextentdidhishealthdeteriorate[di'tiəriəreit]恶化，变质，衰退thathewasforcedtoretire.2.Sodiligentlydoesheworkthatheoftenforgetstoeatandsleep.(3)在含有were,had,should虚拟语气中省去“if”,需要倒装。e.g.1.Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyMonday.=Werehetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyMonday.2.IfIshouldwinthelottery,Iwouldbuyacar.=ShouldIwinthelottery,Iwouldbuyacar.3.Ifhehadnotbeenpromoted,hewouldneverhaveremainedwiththecompany.=Hadhenotbeenpromoted,hewouldneverhaveremainedwiththecompany.(４)as引导的让步状语从句。动词原形+as/though+主语+助动词e.g.1.LookasIwouldupanddown,Icouldseenomenatall.我尽管望上望下，还是看不到一个人。2.Changeyourmindasyouwill,youwon’tgainhissupport.你即使改变主意，也不会再得到援助3.Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.纵使你反对，我也要去。4.Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。5.Searchastheywould,theywouldfindnobodyinthehouse.无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。6.Dislikehimaswemay,wemustacknowledgehisgreatness.尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。(5)在复合句中，than或as引导的分句，如果谓语动词省略或表语省略，且是两个句子的主语相比较时，要用倒装，助动词放在主语前。e.g.1.JohnwillgiveyoumorethanwillJack.2.Harryisunusuallytall,asarehisbrothers.3.Ispendlessthandomostofthem.(6)“only+状语”置于句首1.only+表示时间或方式的短语置于句首。e.g.1.Onlythendidsherealizeshewaswrong.2.Onlybyworkinghardcanyouachieveyourgoal.2.Only若加各类状语从句置于句首，则注意是主句中的主谓需倒装，而不是从句中的主谓倒装。e.g.Onlywhenhehadfailedthreetimesdidheturntomeforadvice.3.若only修饰的是句子主语，而非状语时，句子不用倒装。e.g.Onlysheknewhowtodealwiththisproblem.(7)代词so,neither,nor,nomore置于句首。1.Ican’tspeakFrench,norcanhe.2.A:MealpricehasgoneupB:Sohastuition(8)让步状语从句的倒装：be…e.g.Beherichorpoor,Iwillmarryhimallthesame.条件从句中特殊的省略if/whether的用法原句等于Whetherheisrichorpoor,Iwillmarryhimallthesame.省略whether的话，就将动词提前并使用原型is的原型是be，因此改写后的句子为Beherichorpoor记忆卡片具有否定意义或否定形式的词或词组居于句首时用倒装：Never从不，seldom很少，rarely很少，little一点也不，scarcely几乎不，hardly居乎不，not不，没有，nowhere没有地方，notoften不经常，notabit一点也不，notuntil直到……才，stillless更少，onnoaccount决不，notonanyaccount决不，hardly。。。when一……就，nosooner。。。than一……就，onnocircumstance决不，undernocircumstances决不，innocircumstance决不，notonone’slife决不，innoway决不，innocase决不，atnotime从不，invain无效，没用，bynomeans决不，notonceortwice许多次，notinfrequently经常，neither…(nor)不……（也不），notonly不但……而且