高考定语从句复习

1定语从句关系代词和关系副词关系代词例句That在从句中做主语或宾语指物It’saquestionthatneedscarefulconsideration.Thehouse(that)theybuiltin1990stayedupintheearthquake.指人Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisTom’ssisterWhich在从句中做主语或宾语指物Theyneededaplantwhichdidn'tneedasmuchwaterasrice.Thefarm(which)wevisitedyesterdayislocatedinthesuburbofBeijing.Who,whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语指人Heisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.作主语Themantowhomyouspokewasascientist.作宾语Whose在从句中作定语指人或物Edisonisagreatinventorwhosefameisworld-wide.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover（=ofwhichthecover/thecoverofwhich）isgreen.★注意：当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。关系副词例句When指时间ThedaycameatlastwhenIwenttocollege.Where指地点IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudiedwhenIwasachild.Why指原因Thereasonwhyhefailedintheraceisthathefellontotheground.★注意：关系副词里面没有how。四、定语从句考点：考点一：that和which的选择(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：a.All______canbedonehasbeendone.2b.Iamsureshehassomething(______)youcanborrow.②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,few,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,修饰时：I’vereadallthebooks(______)yougaveme.③先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被它们修饰时。Thisisthebest______hasbeenusedagainstpollution.Thisisthefirstcomposition(______)hehaswritteninEnglish.④当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（______）hehadvisited.⑤先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导a.Whoistheperson______isstandingatthegate?b.Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?c.Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时,Chinaisnolongerthecountry______itusedtobe.(2)只用which的情况①在非限制性定语从句中，只用which,不用that.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.②当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that.Thisisthehousein______LuXunoncelived.考点二：as与which引导的定语从句1.在句型thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，定语从句引导词一般用as。(1)Suchbooks______youtellmeareinteresting.(2).Thisisthesamebook______Ilentyouyesterday.(3)Hereissobigastone______nomancanlift.2.先行词是主句的整个内容，如果定语放主句后，即可用as也可用which引导.(1)Hefailedintheexam,______(=which)isnatural.(2)Sheseemsascientist,______(=which)infactsheis.(3)Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.3.如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导。如：3______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,asisknowntoeverybody.=Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(主语从句)=Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.（表语从句）4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。（1）Hewonthematch,______wehadexpected.（2）Heagreedtotheplan,______wastobeexpected.（3）Thepolicewerelookingforhim,______hethought.5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。(1)Shehasbeenlateagain,______wasexpected.(2)Tomhasmadegreatprogress,______madeushappy.6.当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时，只能用which引导。Bettyalwaystellsalie,______herparentsfindstrange.7.当非限制性定语从句为否定句时，常用which引导。Mr.SmithusuallypraiseshisstudentRoseinpublic,______shedoesn’tlikeatall.考点三:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词与关系副词的选用，应看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；1）若作状语,就用where,when,why等关系副词2）若作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词who/that/which、whom/which、whose等。3）当定语从句中缺少先行词时，应加补先行词theone;（1）a.Thereason______hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.b.Thereason(____________)hegaveussoundedreasonable.（2）a.I’llneverforgetthedays(____________)wespenttogetherinParis.b.I’llremembertheday______westayedtogether.（3）a.Isthisthefactory(______)wevisitedlastyear?b.Isthisthehouse______Lincolnoncelived?c.Isthishousetheone(______)wevisitedlastyear?4考点四：关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。e.g.Isthatthenewspaper____________youoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms____________I’mnotsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyear____________theP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirds____________havebeentoBeijing.5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.=Theylivedinahouse,____________thedooropenstothesouth.=Theylivedinahouse,thedoor____________openstothesouth.6.关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。1).Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(____________)Iwasborn.2).Thisistheroomwhere(____________Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3).Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(____________)hehaven’tcometoday.4).Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(____________)theylivedinTianjin.考点五：定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式当定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数的方面应该与先行词保持一致.1.TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatattractlotsofvisitors.2.TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.3.I,whoamyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.考点六：way和time后接定语从句的情况：1.当先行词是way，且意为“方式、方法”时且关系词在从句中作状语时，引导定语从句的5关系词有下列三种形式。如：（04湖北）Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway(inwhich/that/不填)hesaidit.注意：下面两个句子中的关系词的不同，试比较：Theway(that/which/不填)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.他向我们解析的那种方法很简单。Theway(that/inwhich/不填)heexplainedthesentencetouswasdifficulttolearn.他向我们解析句子的那种方法很难学到。2.当先行词是time时，若time做“次数”讲，关系词应用that，