英美文学鉴赏2

1.DukeofNormandyconqueredEnglandonOctober14,1066.Fromthenonbeganthemedievalperiod.2.Themostmagnificentproseworkofthe15thcenturyisLeMorteD'ArthurconcerningwithArthurianlegend.3.Theonlyimportantprosewriterinthe15thcenturyisSirThomasMalory4.In55B.C.,BritainwasinvadedbyJuliusCaesar,theRomanconqueror.AlongwiththeinvasioncametheRomanmodeoflifeintoBritain.5.Intheyear1066,theNormansdefeatedtheAnglo-SaxonsatthebattleofHasting6.ThefifteenthcenturyhasbeentraditionallydescribedasthebarrenageinEnglishliterature.ButitisthespringtideofEnglishballads7.AftertheNormanConquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.8.Theyearof1381witnessedafamouspeasantuprisingledbyWatTylerandandJohnBall.9.InEnglishpoetry,aquatrainis(A)A.afour-linestanzaB.acoupletC.afourteen-linestanzaD.aterzarima10.KnightsoftheRoundTablearecharactersserving(C)inlegends,whichdepictchivalryinearlyliterature.A.SirLancelotB.SirGodwinC.KingArthurD.KingHenryVIII11.Romancewasatypeofliteraturethatwasverypopularinthe(C)A.RenaissanceperiodB.seventeenthcenturyC.MiddleAges.D.eighteenthcentury12.(C)wasthegreatestofEnglishreligiousreformersandthefirsttranslatoroftheBible.A.LanglandB.GowerC.WycliffeD.Chaucer13.Thestoryof(A)istheculminationoftheArthurianromances.A.SirGawainandtheGreenKnightB.ThestoryofBeowulfc.PierstheplowmanD.TheCanterburyTales14.AftertheNormanConquest,threelanguagesexistedinEnglandatthattime.TheNormansspoke(A).A.FrenchB.EnglishC.LatinD.Swedish15.FreudianismKey:Freudianism:FreudianismderivesfromSigmundFreud,anAustrianneurologistwhofoundedthepsychoanalyticschoolofpsychology.Freudianismemphasizestheimportanceofunconsciousforcesindeterminingthebeliefsandactionsofhumanbeings.Thetheoryalsohasgreatinfluenceonliteratureinthe20thcentury.AlotofmodernwriterssuchasWoolf,JoyceandLawrencearedeeplyinfluencedbyFreudianism.16.MiddleEnglishperiodKey:MiddleEnglishperiod:ThefourandahalfcenturiesbetweentheNormanConquestin1066,whicheffectedradicalchangesinthelanguage,life,andcultureofEngland,andabout1500,whenthestandardliterarylanguagehadbecomerecognizablymodemEnglish,thatis,similartothelanguagewespeakandwritetoday.17.ArthurianlegendKey:Arthurianlegend:Itisagroupoftales(inseverallanguages)thatdevelopedintheMiddleAgesconcerningArthur,semi-historicalkingoftheBritonsandhisknights.ThelegendisacomplexweavingofancientCelticmythologywithlatertraditionsaroundacoreofpossiblehistoricalauthenticity.18.WhatistheinfluenceoftheNormanConquestuponEnglishlanguageandliterature?Key:(1)DuringtheperiodoftheNormanConquest,EnglishandNorman·FrenchexistedsidebysideinEngland,togetherwithLatin.Frenchforquitealongtimeprevailedamongthenoble;Latinwasatbiggerschoolsanditalsousedinthechurchesandmonasteries;andthelowerranksmadeuseofEnglish.(2)Inthisperiod,Englishlanguagehadexperiencedgradualbutradicalandextensivechanges.ThousandsofwordswereborrowedfromFrenchand.throughFrenchfromLatinandalsoGreek,butmanyEnglishworldsdisappearedatthesametime.TheEnglishlanguageinthistransitionalstage.fromOldEnglishtoModernEnglishhasgenerallybeenknownasMiddleEnglish.(3)Theliteraturewasvariedininterestandextensiveinrange.TheNormansbegantowritehistoriesorchronicles.MostofthemwerewritteninLatinofFrench.TheprevailingformofliteratureinthefeudalEnglandwastheRomance.19.WhataretheessentialfeaturesofromanceinthemedievalEnglishliterature?Key:TheromancewastheprevailingformofliteratureintheMiddleAges.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,usedtosingknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds.Itsessentialfeaturesare:(1)Thecentralcharacteroftheromanceistheknight,amanofnoblebirthskilledintheuseofweapons.Heiscommonlydescribedasridingforthtoaccomplishsomemissionstoprotectthechurch,toattackinfidelity,torescueamaiden,tomeetachallengeortoobeyaknightlycommand.(2)Romanticloveisanimportantpartoftheplotintheromance.(3)Itlacksgeneralresemblancetotruthorreality.(4)Thestructureislooseandepisodic,anđthelanguageissimpleandstraightforward.20.WhatisthemostimportantdepartmentofEnglishfolkliterature?Andmakecommentsonitsmostfamouscycle:theRobinHoodBallads.Key:1)ThemostimportantdepartmentofEnglishfolkliteratureistheballad.Aballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyinquatrainswithalternatingfour-stressandthree-stresslines,thesecondandfourthlinesrhyming.Whenitwaschantedbyball-assigners,theaudiencejoinedinarefrainwhichusuallyfollowedeachstanza.Theyaremainlytheliteratureofthepeasants,andinthemoneisabletounderstandtheoutlookoftheEnglishcommonpeopleinfeudalsociety.Thesubjectofballadsarevariousinkind,asthestruggleofyoungloversagainsttheirfeudal-mindedfamilies,theconflictbetweenloveandwealth,thecrueltyofjealousy,thecriticismofthecivilwar,andthemattersofclassstruggle.2)ThemostfamouscycleofEnglishballadscentersonthestoriesaboutalegendaryoutlawcalledRobinHood.RobinHood,alegendarypopularhero,isdepictedintheballadsasavaliantoutlaw,famousinarchery,livingunderthegreenwoodtreewithhismerrymen,takingfromtherichandgivingtothepoor,wagingwaragainstbishopsandarchbishops,andconstantlyhuntedbythesheriffs,whomheconstantlyoutwits.ClearlythehistoricaloriginofRobinHoodandhisbandofoutlaws