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BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeathBecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—Hekindlystoppedforme---TheCarriageheldbutjustOurselves—AndImmortality.Weslowlydrove—HeknewnohasteAndIhadputawayMylaborandmyleisuretoo,ForHisCivility—WepassedtheSchool,whereChildrenstroveAtRecess—intheRing—WepassedtheFieldsofGazingGrain---WepassedtheSettingSun—Orrather—HepassedUs—TheDewsdrewquiveringandchill—ForonlyGossamer,myGown—MyTippet—onlyTulle---WepausedbeforeaHousethatseemedASwellingoftheGround—TheRoofwasscarcelyvisible—TheCornice—intheGround—Sincethen—tisCenturies—andyetFeelsshorterthantheDayIfirstsurmisedtheHorses’HeadsWeretowardEternity—赏析ThefirststanzaTheopeningofthepoemhasanunderstatedcasualnessoftone:这首诗的开头有一种低调的随意性:Inthefirstlinethepersonaistoobusyandtoocontentedasshelivesherlifetobothtostopforthegentleman’scall;在第一行中,角色太忙了,太满足了,因为她过着自己的生命,为了绅士的召唤而停下来;but,throughhiskindnessandconsideration,sheiscompelledatlasttogowithhim.但是,通过他的善意和考虑,她终于被迫和他一起去了。Inthethirdline,thedramaticsceneissetinthecarriage.Thesituationisoneofintimacy----“thecarriageheldbutjustourselves.”在第三行中,戏剧性场景设置在马车中。这种情况是亲密我不能为死停留他便和善地为我止步马车上只载着我们俩,以及——永寂我们缓缓前行,他知道不必着急我卸下了一世的辛劳也放弃了闲暇的欢愉——托他的好意我们经过学校,孩子们正趁着课间嬉戏我们经过等待收获的田野经过了落日其实,毋宁说是它将我们抛在夜里露水带着让人颤抖的寒意唯有蛛网是我的睡袍我的披肩——一层薄薄的绢丝我们停在一座屋前就像是大地隆起的一个包这房子的屋顶几乎看不见屋檐则没入大地从那时起,过了好几个世纪却感觉比那天更短暂我终于想到马头应是朝着无尽无止——的-“马车举行但只是我们自己。”Hehascalledonherasabeau;and,likeatruegentleman,hehasincludedachaperon,“Immortality.”他称她为男友;而且,像一个真正的绅士一样,他包括了一个“不朽”的伴侣。ThesecondstanzaThefirstlineofthesecondstanzaindicatesthepeacefulnessandpleasantnesssurroundinganappointmentwithabeau.第二节的第一行表明与男友约会的宁静和愉快。Hedrivesleisurely,withouthaste----ironically,asiftheyhadallthetimeintheworld.他匆匆忙忙地开车,讽刺的是,仿佛他们一直都在世界上。ShewhocouldnotstopforDeathinthefirststanzaiscompletelycaptivatedbyhiminthesecondandthirdlinesofthisstanza.在第一节中无法阻止死亡的她在本节的第二和第三行完全被他迷住了。Heissuchanartfulcharmerthatsheneedsneitherlabornorleisure,forinhis“Civility”hehastakencareofeverything.他是一个非常有魅力的人,她既不需要劳动也不需要休闲,因为在他的“文明”中,他一直在照顾一切。ThethirdstanzaBythethirdstanza,theyarenearingtheedgeoftown.在第三节,他们正在靠近城镇的边缘。Thethreeelementssummarizetheprogressandpassageofalifetime.这三个要素总结了一生的进步和通过。Childrenstroveontheplayground-------youth孩子们在操场上奋斗-------青年theFieldsofGazingGrain----adulthood凝视谷物的领域----成年Thesettingsun-----oldage夕阳-----晚年AscriticCharlesR.Andersondescribedinthem,正如评论家查尔斯·安德森所描述的那样,“Theseeminglydisparatepartsofthisarefusedintoavividreenactmentofthemortalexperience.Itincludesthethreestatesofyouth,maturity,andage,thecycleofdayfrommorningtoevening,andevenasuggestionofseasonalprogressionfromspringthroughripeningtodecline.”“看似完全不同的部分融入了对凡人经历的生动再现。它包括青年,成熟和年龄的三种状态,从早到晚的一天的周期,甚至是从春季到成熟到衰退的季节性进展的建议。TheFourthstanzatheladyisgettingclosertodeath;这位女士越来越接近死亡;for“TheDews”nowgrow“quiveringandchill”uponherskin,thetraditionalassociationsofthecoldnessofdeath.因为“露水”现在在她的皮肤上变得“颤抖和寒意”,这是传统的死亡寒冷。Inthethirdline,however,theladyisstillholdingontolifebyofferingarationalexplanationaboutherchill.Sheisnotreallydying,sheseemstosay:sheiscoldsimplybecausehergownisthin.然而,在第三行中,这位女士仍然通过提供关于她的寒意的理性解释来保持生命。她似乎并没有真正死去,她似乎说:她很冷,因为她的长袍很薄。Butshecannotescapeherdeath,forsherevealseveninhergarmentsthedyinginfluence:hergownisgossamer,asubstanceassociatedwithspiritsandotherworldliness,andhertippetmadeoflaceissomethingonemightexpecttoseearoundtheshouldersofadeceasedwomanlyinginrepose.但是她无法逃脱她的死亡,因为她甚至在她的服装中揭示了垂死的影响:她的礼服是游丝,一种与精神和其他世俗相关的物质,她的蕾丝披肩是人们可能期望在肩膀周围看到的东西。已故的女人躺在休息。ThefifthstanzaInthefifthstanza,theyhavearrivedatacountrycemetery.TheHouseistheHouseofdeath,afreshgrave,sketchedonlywithafewdetails.Theroofisasmalltombstone,andthecornice,themoldingaroundacoffin’slid,isalreadyplaced“intheGround.”Theladyisalonenow,hergentlemanfriendhasvanishedunexplained.在第五节,他们到达了一个国家公墓。众议院是死亡之屋,一个新鲜的坟墓,只有一些细节。屋顶是一块小墓碑,围绕棺材盖子的檐口已经“置于地下”。这位女士现在独自一人,她的绅士朋友已经无法解释。ThesixthstanzaInthesixthstanzathewords“firstsurmised”contributeanoteofironicsurprise.Allalong,then,shedidnotrealizewhereherkind,intimate,slowdriving,civilsuitorwastakingher.Itwasnotuntilaftertheschoolchildren,the“GazingGrain,”the“SettingSun,”andthe“SwellingoftheGround”thatshebegantorealizewhereshewasheading.在第六节中,“第一个推测”这个词引起了一个具有讽刺意味的惊喜。一直以来,她都没有意识到她善良,亲密,缓慢驾驶,民事追求者在哪里。直到学校的孩子们,“凝视谷物”,“夕阳”和“肿胀的地面”之后,她才开始意识到她要去的地方。Shehad,therefore,apparentlybeentricked,seduced,andthenabandoned.Intheseterms:thenDickinsonisbeingterriblyironicthroughoutthepoem.Sheissaying“kindly,”“slowlydrove,”and“Civility”inretrospectthroughclenchedteeth.因此,她显然被欺骗,诱惑,然后被抛弃。在这些术语中:狄金森在整首诗中都具有极其讽刺意味。她通过紧握的牙齿回想起她说“善意”,“慢慢开车”和“文明”。TheconclusionInitsdepictionofDeathononehandasthecourtlysuitorandontheotherasthefraudulentseducer,thepoemreflectsabasicambiguityaboutdeathandimmortality.Isdeathareleasefromalifetimeofworkandsuffering?Isitthegatewaytoalastingpeaceinparadise?Orisitsimplyacold,mindlessannihilation?在描述死亡一方面作为宫廷追求者,另一方面作为欺诈诱惑者,这首诗反映了关于死亡和不朽的基本模糊性。死亡是从一生的工作和痛苦中解脱出来的吗?它是通往天堂持久和平的门户吗?或者它只是一种冷酷无知的毁灭?
本文标题:Because-I-could-not-stop-for-Death诗歌赏析
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