定语从句用法小结

定语从句用法小结概念•(1)定语从句：就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。•(2)先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。•(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词who,whom,whose,which和that等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。例如：•Thisisthebookthatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday.这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。•Thetimewhenhearrivesisnotknown.他到达的时间还不知道。先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句引导词（关系词）•常见的关联词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词where，when，why等。1．由that引导的定语从句一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。•如：•Themanthat（who）isspeakingatthemeetingisourprincipal．正在会上讲话的那个人是我们校长。•Isthisthedoctorthat（whom）youtalkedaboutyesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？•Theletterthat（which）Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather．昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句who(主格)在从句中作主语，whom(宾格)在从句中作宾语，whose(所有格)在从句中作定语。如：•Thisisthethiefwhostolemybike．这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。•Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind．他就是你想要找的那个男孩。•Thegirlwhosemotherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。3．由which引导的定语从句•which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。•如：•ThebookwhichMumboughtmelastweekiscalled“RedStarOverChina”．妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《西行漫记》。•ThehousewhichLuXunoncelivedinisnowtheLuXunMuseum．鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。•如：•IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague．我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。•Hewillgobacktotheschoolwherehestudiednextweek．下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。•Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhequarreledwithZhangLin．我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。只能用that不能用which的情况1当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时；2当被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时；3当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等修饰时；4当先行词里同时含有人和物时；5当主句是以who或which引导的特殊疑问句时;6当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时。例如：1.Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。（先行词被序数词修饰）2.Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？（先行词是不定代词）3.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandpicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。（先行词同时含有人和物）4.Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？（主句是以who引导的特殊疑问句）5.ThisistheonlyexamplethatIknow.我知道的例子只有这一个。（先行词被theonly修饰）6.Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.中国已不是过去的中国了。(country作is的表语)用which而不能用that的情况1、当先行词为that,those时；What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？2、当关系代词前有介词时；例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住地房间。3、引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which。例如：HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。Exercises1.Thisistheschool＿＿Mr.Smithoncetaught.A、inthatB、whichC、whereD、there2.Isthisthefactory＿＿alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday.A、theonceB、whichC、whoD、whom3.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone＿＿familywaspoor.A、ofwhomB、whomC、ofwhoseD、whose4.Thisisthebag＿＿mymotherboughtyesterday.A、thatB、whoC、whomD、this5.Isthistheshop＿＿sellschildren’sclothing?A.whichB,whereC.inwhichD.what6.Haveyouvisitedthehouse＿＿thefamousscientistwasborn?A、whereB、inthatC、thatD、which7.Thefilm＿＿wesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.A、inthatB、whichC、whoseD、who8.Theman＿＿livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A、whomB、whichC、whoD、/9.Thegirl＿＿yousawinthestreetisMary.A、whoB、whoseC、whichD、why10.1949wastheyear＿＿newChinawasborn.A、thatB、whenC、whatD、onthat11.MrJohnson’sson＿＿livesinChicagoisadoctor.A、whoB、whomC、thatD、which12.I’llneverforgettheyears＿＿Ilivesinthecountrywithmyparentsandgrandparents.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、when13.Willyoushowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding＿＿standsnearthepostoffice?A、thatB、whenC、whichD、when14.Theman＿＿＿coatisgreenisourteacher.A、WhoB、WhoseC、WhichD、What15.Thegirl＿＿＿anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A、whoissingingB、whoaresingingC、sangD、wassinging