全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4unit4课件

SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingBeforeReadingUnit4GlobalizationDR_Text1Globalizationissweepingasidenationalbordersandchangingrelationsbetweennations.Whatimpactdoesthishaveonnationalidentitiesandloyalties?Aretheystrengthenedorweakened?Theauthorinvestigates.WilliamBrowderwasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago,andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Butdon’tcallhimanAmerican.Forthepast16ofhis40yearshehaslivedoutsidetheU.S.,firstInSearchofDavosManPeterGumbelSupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingBeforeReadingUnit4Globalization“Nationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforme,”hesays.“Ifeelcompletelyinternational.Ifyouhavefourgoodfriendsandyoulikewhatyouaredoing,itdoesn’tmatterwhereyouare.That’sglobalization.”DR_Text2firstinLondonandthen,from1996,inMoscow,whereherunshisowninvestmentfirm.Browdernowmanages$1.6billioninassets.In1998hegaveuphisAmericanpassporttobecomeaBritishcitizen,sincehislifeisnowcenteredinEurope.SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingBeforeReadingUnit4GlobalizationDR_Text3AlexMandlisalsoaferventbelieveringlobalization,butheviewshimselfverydifferently.AformerpresidentofAT&T,Mandl,61,wasborninAustriaandnowrunsaFrenchtechnologycompany,whichisdoingmoreandmorebusinessinChina.Hereckonshespendsabout90%ofhistimetravelingonbusiness.Butdespiteallthatglobetrotting,MandlwhohasbeenaU.S.citizenfor45yearsstillidentifieshimselfasanAmerican.“IseemyselfasAmericanwithoutanyhesitation.ThefactthatIspendalotoftimeinotherplacesdoesn’tchangethat,”hesays.SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingBeforeReadingUnit4GlobalizationAlthoughBrowderandMandldefinetheirnationalitydifferently,bothseetheiridentityasamatterofpersonalchoice,notanaccidentofbirth.Andnotincidentally,bothareDavosMen,membersoftheinternationalbusinessélitewhotrekeachyeartotheSwissAlpinetownfortheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum,foundedin1971.Thisweek,BrowderandMandlwilljoinmorethan2,200executives,politicians,academics,journalists,writersandahandfulofHollywoodstarsforfivedaysofnetworking,DR_Text4SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingBeforeReadingUnit4Globalizationpartiesandendlessearnestdiscussionsabouteverythingfrompost-electionIraqandHIVinAfricatotheglobalsupplyofoilandtheimplicationsofnanotechnology.Yetthisyear,perhapsmorethanever,ahottopicatDavosisDavositself.Whatevertheirconsiderabledifferences,mostDavosMenandWomenshareatleastonebelief:thatglobalization,theunimpededflowsofcapital,laborandtechnologyacrossnationalborders,isbothwelcomeandunstoppable.Theyseetheworldincreasinglyasonevast,interconnectedmarketplaceinwhichcorporationssearchforthemostadvantageouslocationstobuy,produceandselltheirgoodsandservices.DR_Text5SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingBeforeReadingUnit4GlobalizationDR_Text6Asbordersandnationalidentitiesbecomelessimportant,somefindthatthreateningandevendangerous.Inanessayentitled“DeadSouls:TheDenationalizationoftheAmericanElite,”HarvardProfessorSamuelHuntingtondescribesDavosMan(aphrasethatfirstgotwidespreadattentioninthe1990s)asanemergingglobalsuperspeciesandathreat.Themembersofthisclass,hewrites,arepeoplewho“havelittleneedfornationalloyalty,viewnationalboundariesasobstaclesthatthankfullyarevanishing,canSupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingBeforeReadingUnit4Globalizationandseenationalgovernmentsasresiduesfromthepastwhoseonlyusefulfunctionistofacilitatetheélite’sglobaloperations.”HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan’sglobal-citizenself-imageisstarklyatoddswiththevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremaindeeplycommittedtotheirnation.Thisdisconnect,hesays,creates“amajorculturalfaultline.Inavarietyofways,theAmericanestablishment,governmentalandprivate,hasbecomeincreasinglydivorcedfromtheAmericanpeople.”DR_Text7SupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingBeforeReadingUnit4GlobalizationDR_Text8Naturally,manyDavosMendon’tacceptHuntington’sterms.KlausSchwab,thefounderandexecutivechairmanoftheWorldEconomicForum,arguesthatendorsingaglobaloutlookdoesnotmeanerasingnationalidentity.“Globalizationcanneverprovideuswithculturalidentity,whichneedstobelocalandnationalinnature.”Globaltradehasbeenaroundforcenturies;thecorporationsandcountriesthatbenefitedfromitwerelargelycontenttotreatvastpartsoftheworldasplacestominenaturalresourcesorsellfinishedproducts.Evenastheglobalizationofcapitalacceleratedinthe1980s,mostSupplementaryReadingAfterReadingDetailedReadingGlobalReadingBeforeReadingUnit4GlobalizationHoweverthepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedtheriseofothersignificantplayers.ThedevelopedworldisbeatingapathtoChina’sandIndia’sdoor—andChineseandIndiancompanies,inturn,havestartedtolookoverseasforsomeoftheirfuturegrowth.Beijinghasevenstartedwhatitcallsa“GoingOut”policythatencouragesChinesefirmstobuyassetsoverseas.Asiannationsarecreating“aremarkableenvironmentofinnovation,”graduatingmostforeigninvestmentwasbetweenrelativelywealthycountries,notfromwealthycountriesintopoorerones.U.S.technology,companiesandmoneywereoftena