宾语从句详解

GrammarNounclausesastheobjectandpredicative名词性从句宾语表语Unit3英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子概论简单句的五种基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语1.You'dbetterstartearly,oryouwillbelate.2.Jimstudiedhardallthetime,andhepassedtheexamscuccessfully.3.Iknowwherehelives,butIdon'tknowtheexactaddress.4.Ihaveneverheardofthebook,soIknownothingaboutit.并列句:简单句+and\or\but\so+简单句复合句:主句+从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome.定语从句状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica.（宾语从句）名词性从句---Wangcaiisadogthat/whichcanguardhouse.I’llneverforgetthedaywhentheearthquakehappened.定语从句用关系词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词关系词1.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.2.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.宾语从句表语从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等名词性从句：ObjectClauses宾语从句什么是宾语？•Iknowhim.•Doyouhavethetime?•Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?•Ienjoyworkingwithyou.宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连接词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态引导词句子类型that陈述句一般疑问句If/whether（是否）特殊疑问词特殊疑问句一、连接词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用区别Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which；whose；when,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhen/wherewearrived.Iaskedhimwhere/how/whyIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho\whom\whatwehavetosee.二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.(live)Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.(come)2.如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.(live)Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.(talkwith)Hewaswonderingwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathehadseenit.(see)3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.(travel)Theteachertoldmeshe____(be)bornin1960.Iheardthatshe____(go)toParislastnight.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。wentwas1.Mikeinsistedthatwe_________________(be)lateforschool.2.Thedoctororderedthatshe_____________(stay)inbedforafewdays.(should)notbe(should)stay注意：在下列动词接that从句中用“should+动原”一个“坚持”insist（坚持要）两个“命令”command,order(命令）三个“建议”suggest,propose,advise四个“要求”request,ask,demand,require三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句＋连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分I’mwonderingwhatshewantstoeat.1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Thedoctoraskedwhatwaswrong(withher)．Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做表语否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。Idon’tbelieveyoucanfinishtheworktoday.我认为你今天无法完成工作。1.Wewonderhowweshalldonext.2.Couldyoutellmewherearetheyhavingapicnic?3.IamsorrythatIdon’tknowyouwanttotakepartinthecompetition.whatdidn’ttheyareExercise:correctornot4.Ididn’tknowthatyouwillcome.5.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.6.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?7.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.____would___was______hewill______________EnglishhasExercise:multical-choice1.Idon’tknow____wecanliveontheislandwithoutfood.A.whereBwhatChowDthat2.Couldyoutellme___________________?Awhereisthepark?Bwho’sonduty?Cwhosebookisthis?Dwhataretheydoing?3Theteachertoldusthattheearth_____aroundthesun.AmovedBmovesCmoveDmoving4.Ididn’tknowthatMr.Smith______yet.A.hasreturnedBhasreturnedChadreturnedDreturned5.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.Wedon’tknow______theydid.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichBBCCACPredicativeClauses表语从句一、表语从句定义：Thequestioniswhowilldoit.表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句LinkingVerbs(连系动词)除动词be以外，还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词，如：look,smell,taste,sound,feel,fall,come,go（变成…）,become,grow（渐渐地变化）,turn(变成，一般用于颜色),appear,seem,get,keep,remain,stay等。二、表语从句构成Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.Thatiswhyshewaslate.