高级英语第六版unit-7-beauty

Christen,Christianity:♥theOrthodox(Eastern)Church(Istanbul)正教(1054)♥RomanCatholicism(Catholic)(Rome)公教,天主教♥MartinLuther,1517,theReformation:Protestantism(Protestant)新教HenryVIII,early16thcentury,theChurchofEnglandArchbishopCanterbury2RomanCatholicism•RomanCatholicChurchisthelargestsingleChristianbody,composedofthoseChristianswhoacknowledgethesupremeauthorityofthebishopofRome,thepope,inmattersoffaith.•Thewordcatholic(Greekkatholikos)meansuniversalandhasbeenusedtodesignatethechurchsinceitsearliestperiod,whenitwastheonlyChristianchurch.•RomanCatholicsmaybesimplydefinedasChristiansincommunionwiththePope.RomanCatholicismholdsthatthePopeandtheBishopshaveinvaryingdegreesthespiritualauthorityChristassignedtohisapostles.Thevoiceisregardedasinfalliblewhenspeakingonmattersoffaithandmorals.3Protestantism•ProtestantismbeganasamovementtoreformtheWesternChristianchurchinthe16thcentury,resultingintheProtestantReformation,whichseveredthereformedchurchesfromtheRomanCatholicchurch.•ThedeclaredaimoftheoriginalreformerswastorestoretheChristianfaithasithadbeenatitsbeginning,whilekeepingwhattheythoughtvaluablefromtheRomanCatholictraditionthathaddevelopedduringtheinterveningcenturies.•TheProtestantmovementactuallyprecededthe16th-centuryReformation.SeveraldissidentmovementsinthelatemedievalchurchanticipatedtheReformationbyprotestingthepervasivecorruptioninthechurchandbycriticizingfundamentalCatholicteachings.4ProtestantismisaspecialdevelopmentwithinChristianity.ItisdistinctfromRomanCatholicisminthatitbreaksfrompapalobedience.ProtestantismiswidelypracticedinmostnorthwesternEuropeancountriesexceptsouthernGermany,Ireland,France,andBelgium.ProtestantismProtestantChurchCatholicChurchJesusChristSaintMariaCatholicsandprotestantsworshipinmanydifferentwayshowevermanypeoplesaytheyarebothChristians.BothreligionsfollowtheBiblebuttheyjustbelieveindifferentthings.•CatholicsbelievethatthevirginMarywasavirginallherlifeandtheappearanceofJesusChristwasacompletemiracle.ProtestantsdenyMary’svirginityastheybelievetherewasnothingmiraculousaboutthebirthofJesus.•Catholicsarehugefollowersofthechurchandhavealotmorebeliefsthanprotestants.Theyhaveverylongceremoniesandtheytreattheirchurchesaswellastheytreattheirhomes.Catholicstendtofollowthechurchastheythinkthisiswheredivineauthoritycomesfrom.Thecatholicchurchesarefarmoredecoratedthantheprotestantchurches.•ProtestantsjustfollowtheirchurchastheybelieveitcomesfromtheBibleanddon’tfeeltheneedtoholdlongceremonies.Theirchurchesarealotlessdecoratedthancatholicchurches.thesufficiencyandauthorityofScripture•ProtestantsbelievethattheBiblealoneisthesolesourceofGod’sspecialrevelationtomankind,andassuchitteachesusallthatisnecessaryforoursalvationfromsin.ProtestantsviewtheBibleasthestandardbywhichallChristianbehaviormustbemeasured.Thisbeliefiscommonlyreferredtoas“SolaScriptura”andisoneofthe“FiveSolas”(solabeingLatinfor“alone”)thatcameoutoftheProtestantReformationassummariesofsomeoftheimportantdifferencesbetweenCatholicsandProtestants.•Catholicsontheotherhandrejectthedoctrineof“SolaScriptura”anddonotbelievethattheBiblealoneissufficient.TheybelievethatboththeBibleandsacredRomanCatholictraditionareequallybindingupontheChristian.ManyRomanCatholicsdoctrines,suchaspurgatory,prayingtothesaints,worshiporvenerationofMary,etc.havelittleornobasisatallinScripture,butarebasedsolelyonRomanCatholictraditions.EssentiallytheRomanCatholicChurch’sdenialof“SolaScriptura”andtheirinsistencethatboththeBibleandtheir“SacredTradition”areequalinauthorityunderminesthesufficiency,authorityandcompletenessoftheBible.overtheofficeandauthorityofthePope•AccordingtoCatholicismthePopeisthe“VicarofChrist”(avicarisasubstitute),andtakestheplaceofJesusasthevisibleheadoftheChurch.Assuchhehastheabilitytospeak“excathedra”(withauthorityonmattersoffaithandpractice),andwhenhedoessohisteachingsareconsideredinfallibleandbindinguponallChristians.•Protestantsbelievethatnohumanbeingisinfallible,andthatChristaloneistheheadofthechurch.•CatholicsrelyonapostolicsuccessionasawayoftryingtoestablishingthePope’sauthority.•ButProtestantsbelievethatthechurch’sauthoritydoesnotcomefromapostolicsuccession,butinsteadisderivedfromtheWordofGod.Spiritualpowerandauthoritydoesnotrestinthehandsofamereman,butintheveryWordofGodrecordedinScripture.•WhileCatholicismteachesthatonlytheCatholicChurchcanproperlyandcorrectlyinterprettheBible,•ProtestantsbelievethattheBibleteachesthatGodsenttheHolySpirittoindwellallbornagainbelievers,enablingallbelieverstounderstandthemessageoftheBible.howoneissaved•Anotherofthe“FiveSolas”ofthereformationwas“SolaFide”(faithalone),whichaffirmsthebiblicaldoctrineofjustificationbygracealonethroughfaithalonebecauseofChristalone•accordingtoRomanCatholicism,mancannotbesavedbyfaithaloneinChristalone.TheyteachthattheChristianmustrelyonfaithplus“meritoriousworks”inordertobesaved.EssentialtotheRomanCatholicdoctrineofsalvationaretheSevenSacraments,whichare:baptism,confirmation,theEucharist,Penance,anointingofthesick,HolyOrders,andmatrimony.•Protestantsbelievethatonthebasisoffaithin