Systems-Analysis-and-Design系统的分析与设计大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：系统的分析与设计文献、资料英文题目：SystemsAnalysisandDesign文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期：2017.02.14引言如今的世界，已经是步入了信息化的时代，特别是互联网的迅猛发展，带动了信息进入我们生活的各个领域，也使得信息化建设成为各行业、各领域增强自身管理效率和核心竞争力的重要手段。出版业作为我国社会主义文化产业的一部分，在信息化建设方面相对于其他领域，有成绩是肯定的，但仍然显得滞后，建设水平不够高，离市场需求还有一定距离，还有很大的发展潜力，在我国信息化建设中应该发挥更大的作用。同时要充分利用先进的电子信息技术改造出版业，来加快出版业信息化建设的步伐。出版社信息化建设是用一种全新的、先进的管理理念，一种全新的机制，一种全新的企业文化来改变以前的管理模式，是一种管理模式的变革。它充分利用信息技术与出版社管理模式的结合，来推动管理水平的提升。面对日益激烈的竞争，出版社必须转变思路，确立全新的经营理念，确立以读者需求为中心，提供专业化的一流服务。信息化建设更是一场管理体制的革命，它要用先进的思想模式和技术手段改变以前的管理模式，用数字化、规范化、程序化、标准化来进行管理，用量化的指标支持奖惩与分配政策，体现激励机制。通过这场改革和革命，最终实现出版社的办公自动化、管理网络化、资源数字化、商务电子化。而在整个的出版过程中，编务管理是出版行业信息管理系统的重要部分,它将编务人员及图书管理人员从繁重的事务性工作中解放出来,并使管理工作更透明、更科学,此次的系统如果有了良好的分析与设计,不但对编务管理,而且对整个出版行业的管理信息系统的建设都具有十分重要的意义。本文将以北京科学技术出版社为例，为出版企业编务管理部门的信息化建设提出一个可行性方案，为将来的出版社进行信息化建设打下良好的基础。附录1外文翻译(原文)SystemsAnalysisandDesignWorkingundercontrolofastoredprogram,acomputerprocessesdataintoinformation.Thinkaboutthatdefinitionforaminute.Anygivencomputerapplicationinvolvesatleastthreecomponents:hardware,software,anddata.Merelywritingaprogramisn'tenough;becausetheprogramisbutonecomponentinasystem.Asystemisagroupofcomponentsthatworktogethertoaccomplishanobjective.Forexample,considerapayrollsystem.Itsobjectiveispayingemployees.Whatcomponentsareinvolved?Eachday，employeesrecordtheirhoursworkedontimecards.Attheendofeachweek,thetimecardsarecollectedanddeliveredtothecomputercenter,wheretheyarereadintoapayrollprogram.Asitruns,theprogramaccessesdatafiles.Finally,thepaychecksareprintedanddistributed.Forthesystemtowork,people,procedures,inputandoutputmedia,files,hardware,andsoftwaremustbecarefullycoordinated.Notethattheprogramisbutonecomponentinasystem.Computer-basedsystemsaredevelopedbecausepeopleneedinformation.Thosepeople,calledusers,generallyknowwhatisrequired,butmaylacktheexpertisetoobtainit.Technicalprofessionals,suchasprogrammers,havetheexpertise,butmaylacktrainingintheuser'sfield.Tocomplicatematters,usersandprogrammersoftenseemtospeakdifferentlanguages,leadingtocommunicationproblems.Asystemsanalystisaprofessionalwhotranslatesuserneedsintotechnicalterms,thusservingasabridgebetweenusersandtechnicalprofessionals.Likeanengineeroranarchitect,asystemsanalystsolvesproblemsbycombiningsolidtechnicalskillswithinsight,imagination,andatouchofart.Generally,theanalystfollowsawell-defined,methodicalprocessthatincludesatleastthefollowingsteps;1.Problemdefinition2.Analysis3.Design4.Implementation5.MaintenanceAttheendofeachstep,resultsaredocumentedandsharedwithboththeuserandtheprogrammers.Theideaistocatchandcorrecterrorsandmisunderstandingsasearlyaspossible.Perhapsthebestwaytoillustratetheprocessisthroughexample.Pictureasmallclothingstorethatpurchasesmerchandiseatwholesale,displaysthisstock,andsellsittocustomersatretail.Ontheonehand,toomuchstockrepresentsanunnecessaryexpense.Ontheotherhand,apoorselectiondiscouragesshoppers.Ideally,abalancecanbeachieved:enough,butnottoomuch.Complicatingmattersisthefactthatinventoryisconstantlychanging,withcustomerpurchasesdepletingstock,andreturnsandreordersaddingtoit.[1]Theownerwouldliketotrackinventorylevelsandreorderandgivenitemjustbeforethestorerunsout.Forasingleitem,thetaskiseasy-justcountthestock-on-hand.Unfortunately,thestorehashundredsofdifferentitems,andkeepingtrackofeachoneisimpractical.Perhapsacomputermighthelp.2-1ProblemDefinitionThefirststepinthesystemsanalysisanddesignprocessisproblemdefinition.Theanalyst'sobjectiveisdeterminingwhattheuser(inthiscase,thestore'sowner)needs.Notethat,astheprocessbegins,theuserpossessesthecriticalinformation,andtheanalystmustlistenandlearn.Fewusersaretechnicalexperts.Mostseethecomputerasamagicbox,andarenotconcernedwithhowitworks.Atthisstage,theanalysthasnobusinesseventhinkingaboutprograms,files,andcomputerhardware,butmustcommunicatewiththeuseronhisorherownterm.Theideaistoensurethatboththeuserandtheanalystarethinkingaboutthesamething-Thus,aclear,writtenstatementexpressingtheanalyst'sunderstandingoftheproblemisessential.Theusershouldreviewandcorrectthiswrittenstatement.Thetimetocatchmisunderstandingsandoversightsisnow,beforetime,moneyandeffortarewasted.Often,followingapreliminaryproblemdefinition,theanalystperformsafeasibilitystudy.Thestudyabriefcapsuleversionoftheentiresystemsanalysisanddesignprocess,attemptstoanswerthreequestions:1.Cantheproblembesolved?2.Canitbesalvedintheuser'senvironment?3.Canitbesolvedatareasonablecost?Iftheanswertoanyoneofthesequestionsisno,thesystemshouldnotbedeveloped.Givenagoodproblemdefinitionandapositivefeasibilitystudy,theanalystcanturntoplanninganddevelopingaproblemsolution.2-2AnalysisAsanalysisbegins,theanalystunderstandstheproblem.Thenextstepisdeterminingwhatmustbedonetosolveit.Theuserknowswhatmustbedone1duringanalysis;thisknowledgeisextractedandformallydocumented.Mostusersthinkintermsofthefunctionstobeperformedandthedataelementstobemanipulated.Theobjectiveistoidentifyandlinkthesekeyfunctionsanddataelements,yieldingalogicalsystemdesign.Startwiththesystem'sbasicfunctions.Thekeyiskeepingtrackofthestock-on-handfo