高考英语虚拟语气

虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气用于表达说话人的愿望,请求,意图,假想,建议等不能实现的情况或在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况.有时也有使语气缓和,委婉的作用.1、if条件句的虚拟2、wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟3、混合（错综）时间条件句4、含蓄条件句5、(should)+动词原形6、其他虚拟语气情况7、特殊用法8、省略if9、表达委婉语气10.高考题演练1、If条件句虚拟的谓语动词形式1）与现在事实相反2）与过去事实相反3）与将来事实相反1）与现在事实相反从句：if+主语+动词过去式（be动词用were)主句：主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.1.如果我是你的话,我会用另一种方法做.__________________________________.2.我现在要是有时间,我会和你一起去._________________________________.IfIwereyou,Ishoulddoitinanotherway.IfIhadtimenow,Iwouldgowithyou.2）与过去事实相反从句：if+主语+动词过去完成式主句：主语+would/could/might/should+have+过去分词Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.1.刚才你如果在这儿就可以问他这件事了.2.假如我学习不那么刻苦,就不会通过那次考试了.Ifyouhadbeenhereamomentago,youcouldhaveaskedhimaboutit.IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexam.3）与将来事实相反从句：a)If+主语+动词过去式b)If+主语+wereto+动词原形c)If+主语+should+动词原形主句：主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形1.要是再发一场洪水,他可能才会认识到他的错误.2.假如今晚错过了这部电影,你将会感到遗憾的.Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,hemightrealizehismistake.Ifyoumissed(weretomiss/shouldmiss)thefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorryforit.2.在wish后的宾语从句中与过去事实相反be变成hadbeen,do变成haddoneShewishes(wished)shehadbeenbraver.与现在事实相反.be变成were(was),do变成didIwish(wished)Iwereabird.与将来事实相反.Be用would/could/might/shouldbe;do用would/could/might/shoulddoIwish(wished)thattherainwouldstopatonce.3.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主语表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“混合(错综)时间条件句”，动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间做相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.从句与过去事实相反过去完成时主句与现在事实相反用would+动词原形假如我以前学过法语,现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译.IfIhadlearnedFrench,IwouldbeabletointerpretforourFrenchfriend.4.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，虚拟语气中并不是总出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。介词短语替代条件句。常用的有：with,without,butfor，orWecouldn’thavesucceededwithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)Butfortherain(=ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.他打电话告诉我你的生日，不然我不会知道。(=ifhehadn’ttelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday)5.在下列句型中，常用“should+动词原形”且should可省略。1）在动词demand,order,require,insist,suggest等后that引导的宾语从句中。如：Thedoctorsuggested/insistedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.注意！当suggest作“暗示，表明”讲时，insist作“坚持说”时，即：坚持事实是怎样的时，后面的that从句不用虚拟语气。如：Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.2）在名词advice,order,suggestion,request等后面that引导的同位语从句，或这些名词作主语时后面that引导的表语从句中。如：Weallagreedtohissuggestion(that)we(should)giveuptheplan.Myideaisthathe(should)acceptthejob.3)在itis+形容词（necessary,natural,strange,etc.+that从句中。如：Itisnecessary/important/naturalthatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.4)在itis/wasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)+that从句中。如：Itwasapity/ashame/nowonderthatourteam（should）losethegame.6.其他虚拟语气情况：对现在的虚拟：do变成did对将来的虚拟：do变成would/could/might+do对过去的虚拟：do变成haddone1）asif(though)引导的表语从句或方式从句中。Helooksasif/thoughhewereanartist.2)wouldrather后的宾语从句中。I’dratheryouhadn’tgonethere.3)Ifonly引导的感叹句中。IfonlyIwereabird.(我要是只鸟就好了）4）在含有ifitwerenotfor或ifithadnotbeenfor条件句的虚拟语气中。Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswould/shoulddie.7.特殊用法：Itis(high/about)time(that)…句式中常用动词的过去式。这种句型表示“早该……”，用来表示提议。如：Itishightimewestartedout.8.省略if的情况如果从句中含有系动词，情态动词，或助词时，可省略if,把从句中的were,had,或should提到其主语前形成倒装结构。WereIyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.9.虚拟语气表示委婉语气的句型。Would,could等词也常被用来表示委婉语气。Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.Wouldyoubekindenoughtoshowmetheway?Wouldyoubesokindastoshowmetheway?高考试题演练1.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_____forher.(94)A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe______,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(94)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome3.-----ShallItellJohnaboutit?------No,you____,I’vetoldhimalready.(94)A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t4.---Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken5.It’snearlyseveno’clock,Jack____behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can6.-----Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.--------It_____acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen7.Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife.You_______hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t8.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.A.HadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto9.----whencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-----They_____bereadyby12:00A.CanB.shouldC.mightD.need10.-----IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-----oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.CouldhavestayedB.couldstayC.WouldstayD.muststay11.----Willyoustayforlunch?------Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn’tB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t12.-----AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?-----I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.MustB.wouldC.shouldD.might