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09年成人高考高起点英语复习笔记一第一章名词1.名词的数A、常见的不可数名词1.Fluids(流体):air空气,smoke烟,water水,oil油,ink墨木,juice果汁,rain雨水,tea茶,coffee咖啡,wine酒,beer啤酒2.Substances(物质):paper纸,glass玻璃,wood木头,iron铁,chalk粉笔,fruit水果,meat肉,beef牛肉,mutton羊肉,chicken鸡肉,sugar糖,salt盐,rice米,sand沙子,dust灰尘,gold黄金3.Abstracts(抽象名词):health健康,wealth财富,honesty诚实,friendship友谊,wisdom智慧,attention注意力,luck运气,progress进步,work工作,room空间,news新闻,information消息,love爱,trouble麻烦,happiness幸福,silence寂静4.Subjects(学科):physics物理,chemistry化学,mathematics数学,history历史,geography地理,English英语,biology生物,music音乐B.、可数名词的复数形式1.直接在词尾加-s,如desks,maps,cats,penscars,farms2.以-s,-x,-ch,sh结尾的词加-es:glasses,classes,buses,boxes,foxes,watches,matches,brushes,dishes(例外:stomachs胃)3.以-O结尾的词:Negroes,heres,potatoes,tomatoes(有生命的名词加-es);photos,pianos,kilos,radios,zoosstudios(无生命的名词加-es)4.辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i再加es:city-cities,story-stories,baby-babies,dictionary-dictionaries,factory-factories,fly-flies,diary-diaries但是,元音字母+y——直接+stoy——toys5.以-f,-fe结尾的单词,去掉f,-fe再加ves:knife-knives,wife-wives,life-lives,wolf-wolves,thief-thieves,leaf-leaves例外:roof-roofs屋顶,belief-beliefs信仰,gulf-gulfs海湾safe-safes,handkerchief-handkerchiefs手帕6.特殊变化:man-menwoman→womanchild→children,tooth→teeth,goose→geese鹅foot→feet,mouse→mice,looker-on→lookers-on旁观者passer-by→passers-by过路人,editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编辑,man-doctor→mendoctors,woman-doctor→womendoctors;fish,deer,Chinese,sheep单复数同形。C、只有复数形式的名词1.下列名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词:clothes衣服,fireworks烟火,wages工资,thanks谢意,remains残留物,sweets糖果2.由相同两部分构成的名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词:scissors剪刀,glasses眼镜,trousers裤子,shoes鞋,socks袜,gloves手套这些名词如表示数量,要以pair为单位,如:apairofshoes一双鞋twopairsofshoes两双鞋apairofglasses一副眼镜twopairsofglasses两副眼镜3.某些集合名词,本身即为复数,所以不能加-s,也不能以one,a,every等词来修饰,如:thispeople(×)thesepeoples(×)thesepeople(√)thatpolice(×)thosepolices(×)thosepolice(√)2.名词的所有格名词所有格的构成英语名词所有格有两种:'s属格和of属格。1)'s所有格①单数名词加-'构成,如:Hellen'scar海伦的汽车;thedoctor'sglasses医生的眼镜;adog'stail狗的尾巴;themanager'ssecreatry经理的秘书②复数名词以-s结尾的只加-',不以-s结尾的加-'s,如:thegirls'school女子学校;ladies'hats女帽;thestudents'Library学生阅览室;Women'sclub妇女俱乐部;Children'stoys儿童玩具;men'shats男帽③复合名词在最后一词后加-'s,如:Somebodyelse'sumbrella别人的伴伞;mybrother-in-law'scar我姐夫的汽车2)of所有格的用法:主要用于表示无生命的名词,一般采用the+所有物+of+(the,that,my——)+所有者的形式,如:thedoorofthisclassroom这间教室的门;theleavesofthetree树叶;thenameofourschool我们学校的名字。thedoorofthehouse,amapofChina.3)双重属格的用法:afriendof+名词所有格or名词性物主代词,主要用来表示人的所有关系,例如:afriendofmybrother's,twoplaysofShakespeare's,somechildrenofMr.Brown's,theseideasofyours,thosedirtyshoesofJames'.双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰。Note:ofmyown属于我自己的onmyown我独自地4)特殊所有格若一样东西为两人共有,后一个人名用所有格,在最后一词后加-'s;如:TomandJohn'sroom汤姆和约翰(共同)的房间;LilyandLucy'sschool莉莉和露茜(共同)的学校。如果属于二人分别拥有,则在两个名词之后分别加-'s,且其后名词应为复数。如:Mary'sandJohn'spens玛丽和约翰(各自)的钢笔;Mike'sandHenry'sdesks迈克和亨利(各自)的书桌JohnandTom'sroom(onlyoneroom);John'sandTom'srooms(tworooms:oneforJohnandoneforTom)「例如」ThewomandressedinblueisMaryandAlice'smother.YoushouldfindwhatthedifferencebetweenMr.Smith'sandMr.Black'scarsis.5)在表示某人家,店铺时,所有格后面的名词常常省略:atMr.Green's(在格林先生家);atmybrother's(在我兄弟家);atthetailor's(在裁缝店);atthebarber's(在理发店);atthedoctor's(在诊所)6)noun+toIdon'tquiterememberthekey________thequestionthoughIanswereditcorrectly.A.ofB.toC.forD.about3.名词的常用考点考点1.牢记六个不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用数词,但是可用some,anyinformation,weather,fun,progress,advice,furniture,a.________importantinformationitis!A.WhatB.Whatanb.________niceweatheritistoday!A.WhatB.Whatac.________funitis!A.WhatB.Whatad.Physicshasmadegreatprogressinthiscentury.Andsohasmaths.e.Thedoctorgavemyfathersomeadviceonhowtostopsmoking.f.Shehastocleanallthefurnitureinallthebedroomsintwohours.g.Itwasfuntoplayonthebeachthatitattractedcountlesschildren.[A]suchgreat[B]sogreat[C]suchagreat[D]sogreata考点2.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义papers(报纸;文件);works(工厂;著作);looks(外表);hairs(几根头发);times(时代);sands(沙滩);drinks(饮料);manners(礼貌);arms(武器);forces(军队)glasses牢记五个名词单复数形式可以表示特别意义的名词word/mandifficultyroompeoplepopulationa.当word和man用作不可數名词时,前面不加冠词,也不用复数形式时,它们的意义是:word(消息;通知),man(人类)Wordcamethattheheadmasterwouldcometotalktous.(消息)Pleasesendmewordofyourarrival.(通知)Laborcreatedman.(人类)Quitealotscientistshavestudiedtheoriginofmaninthelastcentury.b.havesomedifficultyindoingsth.c.Iamafraidthatthereisn't_____leftforyoutwoinmycar.Therearealreadyfivepeopleinit.A.manyroomB.anyroomsC.anyroommanyroomsd……people作集合名词用时,后面的谓语动词总是用复数形式Thepeopleinthevillagelikethenewteacher.但是,作民族解释时是可数名词,有复数形式:peoples;作全体公民解释时,动词用复数形式。thepeoplesofAsia(亚洲各民族)TheChinesepeopleareagreatpeople.(中华民族是一个伟大的民族。)e.population具有集合名词的一般用法A:ThepopulationofChinaislargethanthatofIndia.(中国人口比印度多。)B.EightypercentofthepopulationofChinaarepeasants.(中国80%的人口是农民。)考点3.集合名词的数一般地说,集合名词只以单数形式出现。常见的有:family,police,cattle,team,people,government,class,group,audience(观众),public(公众),crew(全体船员)等。当这些名词作主语时,若表示一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示集体的每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfamilyisabigfamily./ThewholefamilyarewatchingTVnow.Thegovernmentwelcomestheproposal.(政府欢迎该建议。)Thegovernmentarediscussingtheproposal.(政府官员正在讨论该建议。)注意:(1)police和cattle后面的谓语动词总是用复数形式Manycattlearekeptonthefarm.Severalhundredpoliceareonduty.考点4.of+抽象数=相应的形容词of+geat+抽象名词=very+相应的形容词of+no+抽象名词=
本文标题:09年成人高考高起点英语复习笔记一
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