曼德拉简介英文版

HisBirth*NelsonMandelawasborninTranskei,SouthAfricaon18july1918*Hisfatherwasheadofthefamoustribe“Tembo”*HediedandNelsonwasstillyoung,buthewaselectedinsteadofhisfatherandbeganpreparingforthejob*Membersofhistribetitledhim“Madiba”thatmean“greatrevered”andhasbecomesynonymouswith“NelsonMandela”HisEducation*Mandelacompletedhisprimaryschoolinaboardingschoolin1930.*ThenhebeganpreparationforaBAdegreefrom“FortHare”Universitybutin1940heseparatedfromtheuniversitywithhisfriend“OliverTambo”accusedofparticipatinginastudentstrike.*HehasfollowedhisstudyingbycorrespondencefromJohannesburgandreceivedBAandthenjoinedWitwatersranduniversitytostudylaw.HisPoliticalactivity*MandelabeganinthepoliticaloppositiontotheSouthAfricanregimewhichwasinthewhiteminority’shand.SothatthejudgmentwasdeniedpoliticalrightsandsocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheblackmajorityinSouthAfrica.A.N.CAfricanNationalCongress*In1943HejoinedtheAfricanNationalCongress,whichwascallingforthedefenseoftherightsoftheblackmajorityinSouthSenegal*In1961,MandelabecamepresidentofthemilitarywingoftheA.N.C*HeheldthepresidencyoftheAfricanCouncil(June1991-toDecember1997)NelsonInJail*In1962Mandelawasarrestedandsentencedfor5yearsinprisonforillegaltravel,andthemeasureofthestrike.*In1964hewassentencedagainaccusedofplanningforarmedactionandhightreasonandsentencedtolifeimprisonment.*On10June,1980MandelawasabletosendamessagetotheAfricanNationalCongress.Inwhichhesaid:“Unite!Andequipped!Andfight!Asbetweentheanvilofthepopularmovement,andthehammerofthearmedresistance,willcrushtheapartheid.”*Hewasofferedhisreleaseversusstoppingthearmedresistance,butherefused.*Heremainedinprisonuntil11February,1990NobelPrize*In1993,NelsonwontheNobelPrizeforPeacewithPresidentFrederickDeclarkWhowasannouncedtostopthebanthatwasimposedontheAfricanCongressThepresidencyofSouthAfrica*MandelabecamethefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfrica(May1994-toJune2000).*DuringhisadministrationSouthAfricahasseenamajortransitionfromminorityruletomajorityrule.*In2005,chosenbytheUnitedNationsGoodwillAmbassador*InJuly2008,U.S.PresidentGeorgeW.Bush'sapprovedtodeletethenameofMandelafromthelistofterrorismintheUnitedStatesofAmerica