基于PLC的电梯控制系统

I于PLC的电梯控制系统设计摘要随着国民经济的飞速发展，现代化程度日益提高，高层建筑越来越多，电梯也随之增多，电梯产品在人们物资文化生活中的地位得到了提高，成为重要的运输设备之一。国内传统的电梯控制一是由继电器、接触器构成。它不仅存在着可靠性差、成本高、故障率高等缺点，而且在层数增加时，配线变化给制造及安装带来诸多不便。若用PLC控制就解决了以上的不足。本文在阐述电梯的结构和可编程控制器的结构和工作原理的基础上，针对4层电梯，使用西门子S7-200可编程控制器，设计了电梯的控制系统，包括轿内指令和厅外召唤信号的登记与消除、电梯的选层和定向、电梯的开关门运行、电梯上下行控制、电梯的指层控制等部分，实现了轿内与各层呼梯指令的记录、电梯运行方向和选层的控制，电梯上下行和自动开关门、电梯的指层控制等功能。同时也使用了组态王6.53完成上位机对PLC控制电梯的仿真。关键词：四层电梯控制系统可编程控制器组态王AbstractIIPLC-basedelevatorcontrolsystemdesignAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomy,theincreasingdegreeofmodernization,moreandmorehigh-risebuildings,elevatorsalsowillbeincreased,Elevatorproductsinpeople′smaterialandculturallifeofthestatushasbeenenhancedtobecomeoneoftheimportanttransportequipment.Traditionaldomesticelevatorcontrolfromthefirstrelay,acontactor.Traditionaldomesticelevatorcontrolfromthefirstrelay,acontactor.Itisnotonlypoorinthereliability,highcost,highfailurerateshortcomings,butalsoinlayersincreases,changestothewiringandinstallationofmanufacturinghasbroughtmanyunchanged,IfthecontrolbyPLCtoaddresstheaboveshortcomings.Thisarticleelaboratedtheelevatorstructure，thestructureandtheworkingprincipleoftheprogrammablelogiccontroller．Aimattheelevatoroffourfloors，thewriterdesignthiselevatorcontrolsystembytheuseofSiemensS7-200programmablelogiccontroller．Thewriterdesigntheelevatorcontrolparts,suchas,thepartofregisterandcanceltheinstructionsfromthecabin,thepartofregisterandcanceltheinstructionsfromthestationhall,thepartofchoosestationanddirection,thepartofdoormovement，thepartofelevatoroperation，thepartofshownlayer，andsoon．Thesepartsachievethefunctions：registeringtheinstructionsfromthecabinandthestationhall,choosingthedirectionandthestationofelevator，elevatorgoupordownanddoorautomatically，fingeringoutthelocationofthecabin,andotherfunctions.Alsousekingview6.53completepctoplccontrolelevatorsimulation.KeyWords：Four-storyElevator;ControlSystem;ProgrammableLogicController;kingview目录III目录摘要................................................................IAbstract...........................................................II第一章绪论........................................................11.1电梯的国内外发展状况........................................11.2课题的研究背景及意义.........................................11.3PLC在电梯控制中的应用以及发展前景...........................41.4课题研究的内容...............................................6第二章电梯的综述..................................................72.1电梯的结构及组成部件.........................................72.2电梯的种类...................................................82.3电梯的主要参数及性能指标.....................................8第三章运行方案设计................................................103.1总体方案的确定............................................103.2PLC控制系统方案设计........................................113.3电梯曳引方案..............................................12第四章硬件选型、设计及计算.......................................124.1四层电梯曳引电机及门电机电路图.............................134.2可编程控制器(PLC)的选择....................................134.2.1可编程控制器(PLC)的特点...............................134.2.2轿厢楼层位置检测方法.................................144.2.3PLC的选型...........................................154.3变频器的选择...............................................164.3.1变频器的原理..........................................174.3.2变频器的选择.........................................184.3.3VS-616G5型变频器的特点..............................184.3.4VS-616G5型变频器的结构及参数设置....................194.3.5变频器自学习功能的应用方法..........................204.3.6变频器容量及制动电阻参数的计算.......................20第五章软件设计....................................................235.1电梯控制系统的主流程图....................................235.2梯形图.....................................................245.2.1外召唤信号登记及消除..................................245.2.2内指令信号登记及消除..................................255.2.3电梯的平层信号处理....................................265.2.4选层定向及反向截梯....................................265.2.6各楼层停车信号........................................315.2.7自动开关门............................................31第六章上位机组态监控软件..........................................346.1上位机软件设计概述........................................346.2设计监控画面..............................................366.3定义数据变量..............................................376.4变量动画连接..............................................38目录IV6.5应用程序命令..............................................406.6动画演示..................................................43第七章结论与展望..................................................437.1结论.......................................................447.2展望电梯发展方向...........................................44参考文献...........................................................45致谢...............................................................46附录1语句表......................................................47附录2英语原文....................................................52附录3中文翻译....................................................62毕业设计1第一章绪论1.1电梯的国内外发展状况有了电梯，摩天大楼才得以崛起，现随着城市建设的不断发展，高层建筑的不断增多，电梯作为高层建筑中垂直运行的交通工具已与人们的日常生活密不可分。电梯就是用于高层建筑物中的固定式升降运输设备，它有一个装载乘客的轿厢，沿着垂直或倾斜角度小于15°的导轨在各楼层间运行