粒子物理规划及未来的中微子实验

粒子物理规划及未来的中微子实验王贻芳南昌，2010高能物理年会Particlephysics:problemsandmethodsStandardModel:HiggsHighenergyacceleratorsBeyondStandardModel?SUSY,Extra-dimensions.Compositeness,…Neutrinoproperties:mass,oscillation,magneticmoment?Majorana?Cosmologyrelatedproblems:antimatter(CP)?Darkmatter?Relic-neutrinos,Monopoles?Axions?…DetailsofSM(EW&QCD):precisiontest,Confinement,Glueballs?spectroscopyofparticles…HighintensityacceleratorsUndergroundexperimentsSurfaceexperimentsSpaceexperimentsHighenergyacceleratorsHighintensityacceleratorsUndergroundexperimentsSurfaceexperimentsSpaceexperimentsTevetran:D0CDFLHCATLASCMSILCFlavorphys.:BELLE(II)-bDAFNE–sLHCbPANDA…Highden.phys:ALICEJ-PARC…nosc..:T2KMinosProject-Xnosc.:SuperKKamLAND…bbdecay:EXOCuoreGerda…Darkmatter:XmassXenonCOUPP…nAstronomyMonopoleProtondecay…Cosmic-raysHESSMAGICAUGERCTAnmassKatrinnmag.Mom.TEXONOGrav.WaveRelicnAxions,…Anti-matter/darkmatter:PAMELAFERMIAMS…ATICAsrtophysics:IntegralHubbleWMAPPlanck…Participate:ATLAS,CMSFlavorphys.:BESIII-cnosc.:DayaBayCosmic-raysYang-Ba-JinAsrtophysics:HXMTExperimentsintheworldandathome高能物理未来发展的基本思路•Highenergyaccelerators–积极参加国际合作•Highintensityaccelerators–充分利用BESIII，取得国际一流的成果–寻机建造下一代加速器•Undergroundexperiments–充分利用大亚湾，取得国际一流的成果–准备建造下一代中微子实验–寻机建造新的实验：暗物质、bbdecay、质子衰变、。。。•Surfaceexperiments–充分利用ASg&ARGO，取得国际一流的成果–积极准备建设LHAASO•Spaceexperiments–尽快完成HXMT，取得国际一流的成果–寻机建造新的实验：宇宙线、天体物理、暗物质、。。。时间安排•十二五–前期建设的丰收期取得重大国际影响的成果–基础能力建设达到国际先进水平–未来项目的准备与预研具有国际竞争力•十三五：重要的建设项目–下一代中微子实验：大亚湾二期–地下实验：暗物质、bbdecay、质子衰变、。。。–空间实验：宇宙线、天体物理、暗物质、。。。•十四五：重大建设项目–下一代加速器5每个新项目必须回答以下问题：1）为什么（与其它可能的项目比较：科学目标、经费。。。）2）怎么做（概念设计、国际竞争力、科学意义、经费、技术、进度、风险。。。）3）R&D（问题、技术、方案、计划。。。）Neutrinooscillations:Whatweknowandwhatwedon’tknow•Amixingmatrix:AtmosphericSolarMajoranaphaseCPphase&q13•Unknownsinneutrinooscillation:–q13,masshierarchy,CPphased+Majoranaphase下一代中微子实验：大亚湾二期•中微子振荡：中微子研究的中心•中微子振荡三个未解决的问题：寻找第三种振荡，用q13表示大亚湾中微子实验质量顺序问题大亚湾中微子实验二期CP对称破缺角未来的加速器实验n1n2n3q12太阳中微子振荡q23大气中微子振荡q13?mi?为什么反应堆中微子：1）加速器中微子实验：造价昂贵（探测器+加速器）2）双β实验：造价昂贵，技术困难，风险巨大3）中微子绝对质量测量：造价昂贵，技术困难4）反应堆中微子实验：意义重大、风险小、条件优越、造价低、技术可行测量磁矩：可能的未来，科学风险大精确测量混合参数：大亚湾、大亚湾二期Bestneutrinosource:reactor•Apowerfulman-madesource–Ifnottoofar,morepowerfulthansolar,atmospheric,andacceleratorneutrinos•Awellunderstoodsource（~2%~0.1%）–Betterthansolar(~5-10%),atmospheric(~10%),andaccelerator(~5-10%2-3%??)neutrinos•Adjustablebaseline–Ofcourse,acceleratorcandoitalso•AfreeneutrinofactoryNeutrinoMasshierarchy•MassHierarchy:•FundamentaltotheStandardModel•FundamentaltomodelsbeyondSM•MostGUTspredictanormalmasshierarchyadiscriminatorofdifferentGUTsand/orneutrinomassmodels•Fundamentaltomanyissues:–Matter-antimatterasymmetryvialeptogenesisinspecificseesawmodels:hierarchyrelated–Supernovaneutrinos:collectiveflavortransitionsduetoinvertedmasshierarchy–RadiativecorrectionstomnandqijaremoresensitivetotheinvertedhierarchyButevenmoreimportant…DiracorMajorana?•Neutrinooscillation:beyondSMinawayofDiracorMajoranamode?•bbexp.maynevergivepositiveresults•Ifmasshierarchyisknown,togetherwithnextgenerationbbexp.,theneutrinoDiracorMajorananaturecanbedetermined.nextgen.bbexp.Measuringmasshierarchy•Longbaselineacceleratorneutrinos–ThroughMattereffects–Expensive,project-X/LBNEinFermilab/BNL•Atmosphericneutrinos–Veryweaksignal–Hugedetector,Expensive•Reactorneutrinos–Method:distortionofenergyspectrum–Enhancesignature:TransformreactorneutrinoL/EspectrumtofrequencyregimeusingFourierformalism•needSin2(2q13)0.02•NeedtoknowDM223S.T.Petcovetal.,PLB533(2002)94S.Choubeyetal.,PRD68(2003)113006J.Learned,PRD78(2008)07130212FouriertransformationofL/Espectrum•FrequencyregimeisinfacttheDM2regimeenhancethevisiblefeaturesinDM2regime•TakeDM232asreference–NH:DM231DM232,DM231peakattherightofDM232–IH:DM231DM232,DM231peakattheleftofDM232L/EspectrumOurefforts•Cleardistinctivefeatures:–FCT:•NH:peakbeforevalley•IH:valleybeforepeak–FST:•NH:prominentpeak•IH:prominentvalley•Betterthanpowerspectrum•Nopre-conditionofDm22313L.Zhanetal.,PRD78:111103,2008QuantifyFeaturesofFCTandFST•Toquantifythesymmetrybreaking,wedefine:RV/LV:amplitudeoftheright/leftvalleyinFCTP/V:amplitudeofthepeak/valleyinFST•ForasymmetricPee–NH:RL0andPV0–IH:RL0andPV02008-07-1714L.Zhanetal.,PRD78:111103,2008Baseline:46-72kmSin2(2q13):0.005-0.05OthersfromglobalfitTwoclustersofRLandPVvaluesshowthesensitivityofmasshierarchydeterminationInrealityL.Zhan,et.al.,Phys.Rev.D79:073007,2009Unfortunately,DM221/DM223~3%Requirement•Todeterminemasshierarchyat90%CL:–Baseline:~58km,determinedbyq12–Reactorpower24GWth–Fluxanddetectorsize:~(250-700)ktyear–Ideally,sin22q130.02&energyresolution2%•IFsin22q13=0.01,energyresolution2%&700ktyear•Forsin22q13=0.02,energyresolution3%&700ktyear•Overburden1000MWE•~60kmfromDayaBay•Ahugenedetectorwithmass20kt–currentlythelargestonis1kt(KamLAND&LVD)Scientificgoal:al0-50ktundergroundLSdetector60kmfromreactor1.NeutrinoMasshierarchy2.Precisionmixingpara.measurement:q12,DM212,DM231Unitarityofthemixingmatrix3.Supernovaneutrinos==〉betterthanSuperK4.Geo-neutrinos==〉10betterthanKamLAND5.Atmosphericneutrino