2019年教师招聘考试-中学英语学科专业知识讲义

教师招聘考试《中学英语学科专业知识》讲义第一部分殖民主义时期的文学/colonialism系统复习：一、AmericancultureBritishculture继承→Puritanism①清教(17-18C)depict描绘美景②endlesslandtreasures被财富吸引NegroesAmericanIndians.二、TudorDynasty(1485-1603)1590年againstSpain//RomanCatholic\church(议会)parliament清教徒组成的17Cbreakdown(资产阶级与君王制)dissolve到CharlesⅠ“monopoly”垄断grantCivilwar（1642-1649）OliverCromwell:cloakPuritanism清教的口号：节欲MaryBarton宪章运动鲁滨逊colonization三、1688GloriousRevolution贵族与资产阶级达成妥协IndustrialRevolutionEnclosureMovement(15C-18C)圈地运动Enlightenment1、RomanCatholicchurch天主教2、ChurchofEngland=英国国教=Anglican为了摆脱天主教，国主自创的，又名protestant,新教廷Conform(1662)“Actsofuniformity”统一法案3、Puritan=Nonconformist=是新教的一个分支，清教徒不同意“统一法案”，又叫持不同政见者。更极端，不要繁琐程序，individualism.书上内容：一、时期综述（关于清教的应该都是重点）1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：A、narratives日记B、journals游记2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：①theirvoyagetothenewland②adaptingthemselvestounfamiliarclimatesandcrops③aboutdealingwithIndians④guidetothenewland,endlessbounty,invitationtoboldspirit★3、清教徒的想法：①Puritanswanttomakeuppuretheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices.净化信仰和行为方式②wishtorestoresimplicitytochurchservicesandtheauthorityoftheBibletotheology.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位③lookuponthemselvesasachosenpeople,anditfollowlogicallythatanyonewhochallengedtheirwayoflifeisopposingGod’swillandisnottobeaccepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。④Puritanoppositiontopleasureandtheartssometimeshasbeenexaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步。⑤religiousteachingtendedtoemphasizetheimageofawrathfulGod.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。4、典型的清教徒：JohnCottonandRogerWilliams他们的不同：JohnCottonwasmuchmoreconcernedwithauthoritythanwithdemocracy.WilliamsbeginsthehistoryofreligioustolerationinAmerica.5、Williams的宗教观点：Tolerationdidnotstemfromalackofreligiousconvictions.Instead,itsprangfromtheideathatsimplytobevirtuousinconductanddevoutinbeliefdidnotgiveanyonetherighttoforcebeliefonothers.HealsofeltthatnopoliticalorderorchurchsystemcouldidentifyitselfdirectlywithGod.行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：AnneBradstreet7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：thebestofPuritanpoetsisEdwardTaylor.学习指南：1、CouldyougiveadescriptionofAmericanPuritans?关于美国清教徒的描绘LiketheirbrothersbackinEngland,wereidealists,believingthattheChurchshouldberestoredtothe“purity”ofthefirst-centuryChurchasestablishedbyJesusChristHimself.Tothemreligionwasamatterofprimaryimportance.TheymadeittheirchiefbusinesstoseethatmanlivedandthoughtandactedinawaywhichtendedtothegloryofGod.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod,allthatJohnCalvin,thegreatFrenchtheologianwholivedinGenevahadpreached.Itwasthiskindofreligiousbeliefthattheybroughtwiththemintothewildness.TheretheymeanttoprovethatwereGod’schosenpeopleenjoyinghisblessingsonthisearthasinheaven.2、Hardwork,thrift,pietyandsobrietywerethePuritanvaluesthatdominatedmuchoftheearliestAmericanwriting.3、Theworkoftwowriters,AnneBradstreetandEdwardTaylor,rosetothelevelofrealpoetry.4、TheearliestsettlersincludedDutch,Swedes,Germans,French,SpaniardsItalian,andPortuguese.第二部分理性和革命时期文学/reasoningandrevolution课堂笔记：EconomicallyBackground:Colony→state1770suprising(争端)inNorth→Americanagainst→Britain2.Politically1776-1783warofIndependence→USARepresentativesProse\essay：BenjaminFranklin:AutobiographyThomasPaine:CommonSenseThomasJefferson:DeclarationofIndependencePhilipFreneau:poet\journalist启蒙运动对美国的影响:opposecoliralorderandreligiousobscurantism.Seculareducationandliterature→Franklin书上内容：一、时期综述1、美国的性质：ThewarforIndependenceendedintheformationofaFederativebourgeoisdemocraticrepublic–theUnitedStatesofAmerica.联邦的资产阶级民主共和国——美利坚合众国。二、代表作家：1、BenjaminFranklin本杰明.弗兰克林①代表作：“PoorRichard’sAlmanac”穷人理查德的年鉴annualcollectionofproverbs流行谚语集Itsoonbecamethemostpopularbookofitskind,largelybecauseofFranklin’sshrewdhumor,andfirstspreadhisreputation.机智、幽默、风趣成为最畅销的书籍，弗兰克林的成名作。②FoundtheJunto,aclubforinformaldiscussionofscientific,economicandpoliticalideas.建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题。③establishedAmerica’sfirstcirculatinglibrary,foundedthecollege—UniversityofPennsylvania.建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学—就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。④firstappliedtheterms“positive”and“negative”toelectricalcharges.在电子运动中，首次使用了电流中的“正电”和“负电”的专业术语。⑤AsarepresentativeoftheColonies,hetriedinvaintocounseltheBritishtowardpoliciesthatwouldletAmericagrowandflourishinassociationwithEngland.HeconductedthedifficultnegotiationswithFrancethatbroughtfinancialandmilitarysupportforAmericainthewar.作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。⑥Asanauthorhehadpowerofexpression,simplicity,asubtlehumor,sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才。⑦“Autobiography”自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传2、ThomasPaine托马斯.佩因“GreatCommonerofMankind”最平凡的人①famouspamphlet“CommonSense”著名的政治小册子《常识》，itboldlyadvocateda“DeclarationforIndependence”,andbroughttheseparatistagitationtoacrisis.拥护“独立宣言”，使分裂活动发展成最后危机。②“AmericanCrisis”《美国危机》,signed“CommonSense”.署名为“常识”。（P31，第一段看一下）3、ThomasJefferson托马斯.杰弗逊①draftedtheDeclarationofIndependence.起草了独立宣言。②与清教不一样，主张追求幸福。AllMenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappiness.人人生而平等，他们都从他们的“造物主”那边被赋予了某些