英语专业英国文学史课件：诗歌简介

AboutPoetryAboutPoetryRhymeRhythmandMeterFormtypesRhyme•Rhymeoccurswhentwowordsorphrasescontainanidenticalorsimilarvowelsound,usuallyaccented,andanidenticalconsonantsound(ifany)thatfollowsthevowelsound.•Rhymeisthemajorelementthatcontributestothemusicofpoetry.Rhyme•Rhymescheme:therhymeinapoemwillusuallyformapattern.•abcdefg•Snowfallingandnightfallingfast,oh,fast•InafieldIlookedintogoingpast,•Andthegroundalmostcoveredsmoothinsnow,•Butafewweedsandstubbleshowinglast.•Thewoodsaroundithaveit–itistheirs,•Allanimalsaresmotheredintheirlairs,•Iamtooabsent-spiritedtocount;•Thelonelinessincludesmeunawares.•aabaccdcRhyme•MasculineRhymeandFeminineRhyme•MasculineRhymeisrhymebetweenone-syllablewords(jail,pail)orbetweenstressedfinalsyllablesinwordsoftwoormoresyllables(divorce,remorse).•FeminineRhymeisrhymeoftwoormoresyllables,withstressonasyllableorotherthanthelast.•Takeheruptenderly,•Liftherwithcare;•Fashionedsotenderly,•Young,andsofair.•BridgeofSighs•ThomasHoodPracticeofRhyme•To-----•PercyByssheShelley•Onewordistoooftenprofaned•Formetoprofaneit,•Onefeelingtoofalselydisdain’d•Fortheetodisdainit;•Onehopeistoolikedespair•Forprudencetosmother,•Andpityfromtheemoredear•Thanthatfromanother.RhythmandMeter•Rhythmisproducedbyaseriesofrecurrences.•-\-\-\-\-\•Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,•-\-\-\-\-\•Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifethethee.Meter•ThepatternofrhythmInapoemiscalledMeter•4basicmeters:Iambic-\-\-\-\Anapestic--\--\--\--\Trochaic\-\-\-\-Dactylic\--\--\--\--\--Foot•Theunitofmetersisfoot.MonometerdimeterTrimetertetrameterPentameterhexameterHeptameteroctameterPracticeofRhythmandmeter•TheOak•AlfredTennyson•Livethylife•---Youngandold,•Likeyonoak,•Brightinspring,•---Livinggold;•Allhisleaves•---Fall’natlength•Look,hestands•Trunkandbough•---Nakedstrength.Formofthepoetry•Formisthedesignofapoem,theparticularpatternittakeswhenitiswrittenonpaper.•Therecurringunitofapoemiscalledstanza.•Blankverse•Couplet•quatrain•Sonnet•Alltheworld’sastage,•Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers:•Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances.TypesofPoetry•Epic---theoldesttype•Epicsareoftenoralpoetryinorigin,sungbyminstrelsorwanderingpoetsattheking’scourtoronimportantoccasionsasaformofentertainment.•Epicsareusuallyaboutearlyhistoryortheoriginofanation•IliadandOdysseyBeowulfTypesofPoetry•Ballad•Balladsareusuallysingle,spiritedpoemswrittenin4-linestanzas,inwhichsomepopularstoriesarevividlytold.•Oralorigin•Earlyballadsareaboutsemi-historical,pagansupernaturalortragiclovestories.•RobinHoodSirPatrickSpensTypesofPoetry•Lyric•Itreferstopoemswrittentobesungtoalyre,andanancientmusicalinstrumentwithstringsfixedtoaU-shapeframe.•Ode•Odeisthoughttobethenoblestkindoflyric,whichisusuallyapraiseofGodorthegods.TypesofPoetry•Elegy•Elegyisapoemoflamentationforthedead.•ElegywritteninacountryChurchyard.PracticeFireandIceRobertFrost•Somesaytheworldwillendinfire,•Somesayinice.•FromwhatI’vetastedofdesire•Iholdwiththosewhofavorfire.•Butifithadtoperishtwice•IthinkIknowenoughofhate•Tosaythatfordestructionice•Isalsogreat•Andwouldsuffice.