4-Amplication--Omission-and-Repetition增译法、减译法、重复法

Lecture4Amplification,OmissionandRepetitionI.Amplification1.Amplificationoutofgrammaticalneed1)Addingclassifiermeasurewords2)Addingwordsindicatingtense3)Addingwordsexpressingplurality2.Amplificationforstructuralintegrity1)Addingexplanatorywords2)Addingnouns3)Addingverbs4)Addingadjectives/adverbs5)Addingconnectives6)AddingwordstomaketheabstractwordsspecifiedII.Omission1.Omittingpronouns1)pronounsassubject2)Pronounsasobject3)Possessivepronouns2.Omittingarticles3.Omittingconnectives4.Omittingthelinkverb“be”III.Repetition1.Repetitionforexplicitness1)Repeatingpronouns2)Repeatingpossessivepronouns3)Repeatingnouns4)Repeatingverbs2.Repetitionforemphasis3.RepetitionforvividnessI.Amplificationamplifyincrease,make…bigger;adddetailstoastoryorstatement放大，增强；阐发、充实（故事、事情或陈述等）Amplification增译法；添词补充AmplificationAmplificationisemployedforthepurposeofachievingexplicitnessofexpression,someareforrhetoricalpurposes,andsomeareforthesakeofstructuralintegrity.Therefore,inE-C(orC-E)translation,wecanaddarticles,pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions,modalparticles(语气词),andsomelexicalwordsinaccordancewithdifferentcontexts.1.Amplificationoutofgrammaticalneed1)Addingclassifiermeasurewordsafullmoon,abaddream,amouth,abikeEx.1Aredsunroseslowlyfromthecalmsea.一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起Ex.2Intothedimcloudswasswimmingacrescentmoon.一钩新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里了。Ex.3Astreamwaswindingitswaythroughthevalleyintotheriver.一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江河里去了。2)AddingwordsindicatingtenseEx.1IhadneverthoughtI’dbehappytofindmyselfconsideredunimportant.ButthistimeIwas.以往我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我无足轻重时，我会感到高兴，但这次是的。Ex.2Iwas,andremain,gratefulforthepartheplayedinmyrelease(获释).我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去感激，现在仍然感激。Ex.3Theoldmansaid,“Theysayhisfatherwasafisherman.Maybehewasaspoorasweare.”老头儿说：“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的，他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。”3)AddingwordsexpressingpluralityEx.1Thelionisthekingofanimals.狮子是百兽之王。Ex.2Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色长影。Ex.3Theveryearthtrembledaswiththetrampsofhorsesandmurmurofangrymen.连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。I.Amplification1.Amplificationoutofgrammaticalneed1)Addingclassifiermeasurewords2)Addingwordsindicatingtense3)Addingwordsexpressingplurality2.Amplificationforstructuralintegrity1)Addingexplanatorywords2)Addingnouns3)Addingverbs4)Addingadjectives/adverbs5)Addingconnectives6)AddingwordstomaketheabstractwordsspecifiedII.Omission1.Omittingpronouns1)pronounsassubject2)Pronounsasobject3)Possessivepronouns2.Omittingarticles3.Omittingconnectives4.Omittingthelinkverb“be”III.Repetition1.Repetitionforexplicitness1)Repeatingpronouns2)Repeatingpossessivepronouns3)Repeatingnouns4)Repeatingverbs2.Repetitionforemphasis3.Repetitionforvividness2.Amplificationforstructuralintegrity1)AddingexplanatorywordsEx.1TheforeignguestswenttotheGreatWallbyaRedFlag.外宾乘红旗轿车前往长城。Ex.2AccordingtoGauss,mathematicsisthequeenofthesciences.按照高斯的说法，数学是科学的皇后。Ex.3Therewasamenu,butitdidn’tmakeanydifference.Everythingtastedthesame.Monumentalportions.You’dstandupattheendandwanttodie.上面有一份菜单子，其实没有这份菜单也无所谓，因为所有的菜尝起来味道全是一个样。每客菜盛的都异常多，你吃完后一站起身就会感觉撑得/胀得要死。Ex.4AnAmericanofficerslippedonabananaskin一个美国军官踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了。Ex.5Thequarrelsoffriendsaretheopportunitiesoffoes.朋友间的不和就是敌人进攻的机会。2)AddingnounsA.InEnglish,theuseofanintransitiveverbcanexpressafullorcompletemeaning,butinChinesethestoryisratherdifferent.Anobjectshouldbeaddedinordertomakethesentencesemanticallyreadable.Ex.1Towashbeforemeal,towashaftergettingup,towashbeforesleep饭前洗手，起床后洗脸，睡前洗脚Ex.2IcouldknitwhenIwasseven.我七岁时就会织毛衣。Ex.3Dayafterdayhecametohiswork---sweeping,scrubbing,cleaning.他每天来干活----扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。Ex.4Firstyouborrow,thenyoubeg.头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。B.AmplificationofnounsbeforeanadjectiveEx.1Thistypewriterisindeedcheapandfine.这部打字机真是价廉物美。Ex.2Anewkindofaircraft---small,cheap,pilotless---isattractingincreasingattention.一种新型飞机越来越引起人们的注意---这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。Ex.3Heisacomplicatedman---moody,mercurial,withamelancholystreak.他是一个性格复杂的人---喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。C.AmplificationofnounsafteraabstractnounEx.1Afterallpreparationsweremade,theplaneswereflownacrosstheU.S.toSanFrancisco.一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。Ex.2Inthesummerof1969,theAdministrationpubliclyurgedeasingoftensionswithChina.一九六九年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。Persuasion说服工作Backwardness落后状态Arrogance自满情绪Antagonism敌对态度3)AddingverbsEx.1Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ordinaryChinese”withpaperflagsandbouquetsofflowers.没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。Ex.2Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。4)Addingadjectives/adverbsEx.1WithwhatenthusiasmtheChinesepeoplearebuildingsocialism.中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！Ex.2Theplanetwistedunderme,trailingflameandsmoke.（敌人的）飞机在下面螺旋下降，拖着浓烟烈焰掉了下去。Ex.3Thecrowdsmeltedaway.人群渐渐散开了。Ex.4Ashesatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredout.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。5)AddingconnectivesEx.1Pastretirementage,thediminutiveDr.Linisasvivaciousasever.身体瘦小的林大夫，虽然已过了退休年龄，可是她和过去一样，精力依然充沛。Ex.2Morethoroughtestingmighthavecaughtthefailureinitially.如果测试更为彻底，也许一