高级英语写作Narrative-Writing-ejm

NarrativeWritingWhatisNarrativeWriting?•Anarrativeisastorycontainingspecificelementsthatworktogethertocreateinterestfornotonlytheauthorbutalsothereader.•Thistypeofwritingmakesthereaderfeelasifherorshewerepartofthestory,asifitwasbeingtolddirectlytohimorher.ElementsofNarrativeWriting•Thewho,what,where,when,why,andhowoutlinethatgivesthenarrativedirection.•Whatisthestoryabout?•Eventsunfoldastheyhappen.•Theframeofthenarrative.PLOTPlotStructureofNarrativeWriting•Beginning:–Enticingopeningtocapturereaders’interest.–Settingrevealed.–Maincharactersintroduced.–Conflictpresented.PlotStructureofNarrativeWriting•Middle–Charactersattempttoresolveconflictsorproblems.–Actionprogressessequentially,stepbystep.•Climax–Theturningpointofthenarrative.–Revealstheprocessinvolvedforsolvingtheconflicts.PlotStructureofNarrativeWriting•End–Tellshowtheresolutionoftheconflictshaveaffectedthecharacters.–Nonewcharactersorplotideasintroduced.–Themeormessageunderstoodbyreader.ElementsofNarrativeWritingCHARACTERS•Thepeople,animals,orinanimateobjectswhoareaffectedbytheactionsoftheplotorwhoarethecauseofcertainevents.•Characters,realorimaginative,shouldbebroughttolifethroughthenarrative.•Ifacharacterisnotdescribedwell,thestorywillnotbebelievable.ElementsofNarrativeWriting•Whereandwhenthenarrativetakesplace.•Allowsthereaderstovisualizethescenesandthecharactersinthosescenes.•Althoughthesettingmaybeclearfortheauthor,he/shemustcreateapictureforthereaders.SETTINGElementsofNarrativeWriting•Thefigurativelanguage(similes,metaphors,etc.),sensoryimagery,vividverbs,strongsentences,dialogue,andpointofviewthatmakeseachauthorunique.•Everystudenthashis/herownstyleandtechnique.Althoughwehavethesametopic,everyonewillwritedifferently.STYLEElementsofNarrativeWriting•Theproblemthatmustbeovercomeorresolvedsothatthereaderswillnotbelefthanging.•TypesofConflict:–PersonversusSelf–PersonversusPerson–PersonversusSociety–PersonversusMachine/Technology–PersonversusNatureCONFLICTTypesofConflict:ExamplesPersonversusSelf:Onemonthago,Abbywasassignedabooktoreadforabookreport.Uponsittingatthecomputertoworkonit,Abbystruggledwiththedecisiontodothereadingortosurfthewebinstead.Shefeltguilty,knowingsheshoulddothework,butwasreallymotivatedbyherdesiretolookupnewinformationaboutherfavoriterockband.TypesofConflict:ExamplesPersonversusPerson:AbbyandherbestfriendMeganareworkingtogetheronagroupproject.Abbydidnotdoanywork,leavingitallforMegantodo.Whenthegirlsgettogethertodotheproject,MeganfindsoutAbbydidnotdoanywork.Shebecomesangry,yellsatAbby,andstormsoutoftheroom.TypesofConflict:ExamplesPersonversusSociety:Abbyneedstogotothelibrarytobeginworkingonherproject.Whenshearrives,shefindsoutthatjuvenilesundertheageofeighteencannotenterthelibrarywithoutaparent.Hermomisatwork.Abbyismadaboutthisthing,totallyoutofhercontrol.Shewritesalettertothelibrary,expressingherdisgust.TypesofConflict:ExamplesPersonversusMachine/TechnologyAbbybeginsherreport,finally!Allofthesudden,thereisapowersurgeandhercomputercrashes.Shelosesalloftheinformationthatshehasbeenworkingonforfourhours.TypesofConflict:ExamplesPersonversusNature:Abbytriestorememberexactlywheresheleftherbookforthereport.Sheremembersthatshewassittingonabenchoutsideofherhouse,soshereturnstothatspot.Shefindsit,however,ithadrainedthenightbeforeandthebookisinshambles.ElementsofNarrativeWriting•Athemeisamessagerevealedinthestory.•Itmaybedirectlystated,likeinafablewherethemoralistoldattheconclusion.•Itmaybeindirect,leavingthereadertodecidethestory’smessage.•Therecanbemorethanonethemeforanarrative.THEMEDifferentPointsofViewWhoistellingthestory?•FirstPersonpointofview–“I”asthenarrator–Goodforpersonalaccounts.–Example:Iwillneverforgetthedaythatmyhamsterdied…DifferentPointsofView•ThirdPersonpointofviewLimited–“He,”“she,”“it,”“they”perspective–Writtenasifthestoryisobservedfromoutsideofthecharacters.–Readermustguessthefeelingsofthecharactersbytheiractionsandwords.–Example:Hepoundedhisfistagainstthewallandscreamed,“Letmeout!”DifferentPointsofView•ThirdPersonpointofviewOmniscient–“He,”“she,”“it,”“they”perspective–Narratorcanwriteaboutthethoughtsandfeelingsofallthecharacters.–Example:“Shecalledhimaliar,thoughsheknewhewastellingthetruth.”5W+HQuestionsMethod•Answeringthe5WandHquestionsprovidesthebasicinfoneededtobeginastory.–WHOwillbeinthenarrative?–WHEREwillthenarrativetakeplace?–WHYwillthecharactersdowhattheydo?–WHATisthenarrativeabout?–WHENwilltheeventshappen?–HOWwilltheconflictberesolved?SensoryImagery•Usingthefivesenseswhenwritinganarrativehelpsthereaderpictureandfeelwhatisgoingon.•Describewhatyousee,hear,taste,touch,andsmelltomakeyourreaderbecomeinvolvedinthestory.FigurativeLanguageFigurativeLanguageistheuseofdescriptivewordsthatbringyourreaderintothestory.FigurativeLanguageSIMILESAsimileisacomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,usinglikeoras.Examples:Hersmilewassowideitlookedlikeapianokeyboard.Hewasassickasadog.FigurativeLanguageMETAPHORAmetaphordirectlycomparestwounlikethingswithoutusinglikeoras.Example:Theboywasagoldenknight,protectinghislittlesisterfromthefire-breath