法律文本翻译讲义

法律文本的翻译TranslationofLegalDocumentItisnotpossibletogainaninsightintothenatureofanyinstitutionofhumanlifewithoutaninquiryintothepurposesorfunctionswhichtheparticularinstitutionisdesignedtoaccomplish.Nobodycanintelligentlydiscussproblemsofgovernmentandarriveataconsideredjudgmentwithrespecttothepolicieswhichshouldbepromotedbypublicofficialsoragencieswithoutfirstforminganopinionastothegeneralaimsandendsforwhichgovernmentsareestablished.Thisisequallytruefortheinstitutionoflaw,atleastinthesecular,politicalsensewithwhichweareconcerned.Wetreatlawasaparticularkindofgovernmentalinstitution.Fromthisperspective,weassertthatnoofficialwithintheinstitutionoflaw—nojudge,attorneyorotherpersonwithofficialdutiesintheadministrationoflaw—canadequatelydischargehisorherdutiesunlessfamiliarwiththegeneralpurposeswhichthelawissupposedtoperformforsociety.法律的性质和职能要洞察人类生活任何一个制度的性质而不研究建立该制度旨在达到的目的或职能，那是不可能的。任何人如果不首先就政府建立的总目的和总目标形成一个意见，就不能明智地讨论治理国家的问题并就国家官员或国家机构应该推行的政策作出深思熟虑的判断。对法律制度来说，情况也同样如此－至少在我们所关心的世俗的、政治的意义上是如此。我们把法律当作一种特定的政治制度。从这一观点出发，我们主张：在法律制度内，任何官员－法官、律师或其他在司法工作中担任正式职责的人－如果不熟悉法律应为社会去完成的那些总目的，就无法恰当地履行其职责。Contents1.Briefintroduction2.Linguisticfeaturesoflegaldocument3.Principlesoftranslation1.Briefintroduction1.foreigninvestmentandresearch;2.cross-legal-translation;3.makingoflaw(Canadaetc)Functionsoflegaldocument法律文本的功能法律文本的主要功能应当是呼吁、规范，提供信息只能是它的各种次要功能之一、法律文本具有规定、约束性功能以规范和指导社会与个人之间、个人与个人之间在政治、经济和文化等领域的活动和行为，其规范功能受到国家强制力的保护，具有强制性。Typesoflegaldocument1.宪法、法律、法令、公约（双边或多边）；2.合同和契约；3.诉讼文书：传票、诉状、案件报告、证词、判决书；4.公司章程、规则和规章；5.出生证明、死亡证明、结婚证、离婚证、证书、公证。2.Linguisticfeaturesoflegaldocumentstyle:formal(solemn,rigid)atdifferentlevelsoflanguage:A)wordsandphrases;B)sentence;C)discourse.Lexicologyoflaw1.formalwordsandphrasesprior(before);subsequent(after);providedthat(but);etc2.differentdenotationofthesamecommonwordsbattery:电池－伤害、人身攻击appeal:呼吁－上诉defense:防御－辩护visit:参观、访问－惩治discovery:发现－证据开示（民事诉讼、强制性、法院主持）3.archaismherein,hereafter,hereto,hereunderthere-/where-aforesaid,forthwithLexicologyoflaw4.loanwordsLatin：adhoc(专门的)、bonafide(真诚的)、French:forcemajeure(不可抗力)5.termsandjargonsdamages(损失赔偿金)、defendant(被告)、lessee(承租人)、letterspatent(专利证书)shall、must、havethedutytodo、maynot、havetherighttodo6.doublets/legalpairsortripletsnullandvoidrest,residueandremainderSyntaxoflaw1.complexsentencesotherwise…subjectto…withoutprejudiceto…providedthat…notwithstanding…whereclausewhoclause2.passivevoiceDiscourseoflawCoherenceandcohesion:fixedstructureconstitution;contract;agreement;convention;certificate;prospectus;billofindictment;civilcomplaint/judgment;3.Principlesoftranslation1.accuracy2.consistency3.clarity4.professionalism5.standardizedlanguage6.teamworkAssignment/transfer**Withoutpriorwrittenapproval,noPartyshallassignanyandallofitsrightsandinterestsanddelegateitsresponsibilitiesunderthisAgreementtoanythirdparty.However,PartyBshallhavetherighttoassignitsrightsandinterestsanddelegateitsresponsibilitieshereundertoanaffiliate;providedthatPartyBshallcontinuetowarrantthatsuchaffiliatewillcompletethepurchaseoftheequityinterestinthemannercontemplatedbythisAgreement.Withoutpriorwrittenapproval,noPartyshallassignanyandallofitsrightsandinterestsanddelegateitsresponsibilitiesunderthisAgreementtoanythirdparty.prior:comingbeforeintime;shall:indicatinglegalobligation;anyandall:emphasis;underthisAgreement:“本协议项下的”未经事先书面批准，任何一方不得将其在本协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给任何第三方。However,PartyBshallhavetherighttoassignitsrightsandinterestsanddelegateitsresponsibilitieshereundertoanaffiliate;providedthatPartyBshallcontinuetowarrantthatsuchaffiliatewillcompletethepurchaseoftheequityinterestinthemannercontemplatedbythisAgreement.hereunder:underthisAgreement;providedthat:undertheconditionthat…但乙方有权将其在本协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给一家关联公司，但是（条件是）乙方应继续保证该关联公司将以本协议拟定的方式完成对股权的购买。Assignment/transfer*****NeitherPartymayassignthisAgreement,inwholeorinpart,withouttheotherParty’spriorwrittenconsent,excepttoi)anycorporationresultingfromanymerger,consolidationorotherreorganizationinvolvingtheassigningParty,andii)anyentitytowhichtheassigningPartymaytransferallorsubstantiallyallofitsassets;providedthattheassigneeagreesinwritingtobeboundbyallthetermsandconditionsofthisAgreementandprovidesdocumentationasevidencethattheassigneehastheabilityandcapabilityofmeetingalloftheobligationsunderthisagreement.Thanks!