Lesson77-A-successful-operation新概念英语第二册77课

Lesson77AsuccessfuloperationNewwordsandexpressionsOperationn.操作；实施；[外科]手术；运算Usage①手术：haveanoperation(onsb.)动手术giveanoperationonsb.forsth.给某人作…手术Eg:医生给他做了癌症手术Thedoctorgaveanoperationonhimforcancer②实施；生效：beinoperationcomeintooperationEg:这条规定生效了吗？Isthisruleinoperationyet?这项计划什么时候实施？Whenwilltheplancomeintooperation?Markn.标志；斑点；符号vi.作记号vt.标志；做标记于；打分数Usagemarkon在…上做记号hitthemark打中目标；成功Eg:商品上都标有价格Pricesaremarkedonthegoods.sign普通用词，指公认事物的记号，或某种情况的征兆。symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。mark普通用词，指便于辨认而做的标记，或自然形成的标记斑点。signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。Survivev.幸存；生还；幸免于survivaln.幸存survivorn.幸存者victimn.受害者，死难者Usagesurviveon靠…活下来；靠…生存Eg：没有乘客在空难中幸存。Noneofthepassengerssurvivedintheaircrash.我很想知道他们靠那么可怜的收入是怎么活下来的。Iwonderhowtheycansurviveonsuchpoorincome.IntensiveReadingThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.hasjusthadanoperation.Phrase(词组)haveanoperation做手术B.C.=BeforeChrist(耶稣诞生之前=公元前)A.D.=sinceChristwasborn(耶稣诞生之后=公元)A.D.写在年数之前，B.C.写在年数之后由公元前三百年到公元前四百年from300B.C.toA.D.400Grammar(语法)whodiedin800B.C.定语从句修饰先行词womanhasjusthad现在完成时just表示刚刚，表示刚刚做完手术AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.Phrase：dieof+内因：死于…（疾病），因…而死diefrom+外因：死于…Eg:Hediedfromtheaccident.dieoff：相继死亡，种群突然急剧的衰减Eg:Rabbitsweredyingoffinthattown.dieout：灭绝；完全的灭亡Eg：Thistribeandthetribalcustomsdiedoutcenturiesago.bedyingto/for：渴望Eg：Iamdyingforabottleofcoke.Grammar：Therebe+n.+介词短语一个字表示“有”；四个字表示“客观存在”+介词短语表示：存在的位置，地点，有什么，在哪里所以翻译就是：“有奇怪的斑点，在X光的底片上”theX-rayplatestakenofthemummy过去分词作后置定语whether…引出宾语从句（前面findout是介词短语，后面接宾语，因此是宾从）Grammar：havebeentrying现在完成进行时现在完成时：havedone（现在的之前，对现在一直有影响，但做完没做完不确定）现在完成进行时：havebeendoing（属于现在完成时的一部分，强调过去开始做，直到现在还在进行）医生们努力的找，过去就开始找了，现在还在进行找。Thedoctorsremovedasectionofthemummyandsentittoalaboratory.Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.Phrase:removeremovefrom除掉，移动removeoneself挪动，走开Eg:Sheremovedherself.她走开了。(1)移开，取走，拿走Eg:有一会儿他的思想没有从她的面孔上移开Foramomenthedidnotremovehiseyesfromherface.(2)除掉Eg:衣服上的这些墨水污点洗得掉吗？Cantheinkberemovedfromtheclothes?yet表达“还，尚，仍”，用于否定句和疑问句中，大多与现在完成时的动词连用。可放于句末。Eg:我还没碰到Eric。IhavenotmetEricyet.你吃午餐了吗？Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?Grammar1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。I’vebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours，butIhaven'tfinishedit.这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。I'vereadthisbook.我已读完这本书了。2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。Shehasalwaysbeenworkinglikethat.她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。We’vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecently.最近我们经常见面。现在完成时的用法现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。We'vebeenlivingherefortenyears.We‘velivedherefortenyears.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。They'veknowneachothersince1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。ExercisePartA.Correctthefollowingsentences.1.Alltheseyearstheyarecontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2.Ihavebeendrinkingfivecupsofcoffeethisafternoon.3.WhathaveyoubeendoingbeforeyouleftOxford?4.It'sagoodjob.Haveyoudoneitallbyyourself?5.It'salongtimesinceyoucometoseeme.6.Alicedidn'tseemuchofHenrylately.7.I'mgladtotellyouthatyoupassedtheexam.1.are→havebeen2.havebeendrinking→havedrunk3.have→had4.Haveyoudone→Didyoudo5.come→came6.didn'tseen→hasn'tseen7.passed→havepassed1.Youknow,I________(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.2.Mysister________(stay)inBeijingforthreemonthslastyear.3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe________(play)inthemudallthemorning.4.I________(wonder)ifyouwerefreethisafternoon.5.Hereheis!We________(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.PartB.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththerightformoftheverbsgiven.1.havebeenlooking2.stayed3.hasbeenplaying/hasplayed4.wondered这个句子是一个if引导的宾语从句，从句时态应该和主句一致，而题目中从句谓语是were，是一般过去时，所以主句也应该用过去时。要表达的意思是我在早上的时候想知道你下午有没有空5.havebeenwaiting1.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.(2008江苏)A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe_________intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.(2008山东)A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(2008福建)A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe______Englishforayear.(2007湖南)A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5.Danny_________hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.(2007福建)A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworkedPartC.Makethebestchoices.DDDCC6.—Ihavegotaheadache.—Nowonder.You_________infrontofthatcomputertoolong.(2007江西)A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_______from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.(2007上海)A.hasfallenB.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___goingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.(北京)A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider9.—______you______himaroundthemuseumyet?(2007江苏)—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have;shownB.Do;showC.Had;shownD.Did;show10.—Hi,Tracy，youlookpale.—Iamtired.I_