英语综合教程2(高职高专英语专业适用)Unit 1课件(text B)

IntroductionIntroductoryQuestions1.Dopeopleofdifferentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutwhatkindsoffoodareappropriatetoeat?Ifyes,pleasegivesomeexamples.2.Arefoodlikesanddislikesalwaysrelatedtonutrition?Why?3.WhatfoodsareconsideredtabooinChineseculture?4.WhatfoodsareconsideredtaboointheUnitedStates?5.Inwhatwaysarefoodandcultureconnected?6.Doyouagreewiththesaying“Whatisfoodtoone,istoothersbitterpoison”?Ifyes,canyougivesomeexamples?OutlineParas.1-2Maintopic:Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutthefood.Paras.3-6Possiblecausesoffoodlikesanddislikesa.nutritionfoundinthefoodb.people'sdifferentappetitesc.tabooPara.7Theconclusion:Anthropologistsbelievethatmostfoodlikesanddislikesarearesultofthewaysoflifeofdifferentpeople.Para.8Conclusion:Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysoflife,whichareneitherrightnorwrong,foritissimplythatdifferentpeopledothesamethingsindifferentways.Para1Weallhaveideasaboutwhatkindsoffoodsaregoodtoeat.Wealsohaveideasaboutwhatkindsoffoodsarebadtoeat.Asaresult,peoplefromonecultureoftenthinkthefoodsthatpeoplefromanothercultureeataredisgustingornauseating.WhenthefamousboxerMuhammadAlivisitedAfrica,forexample,onememberofhisgroupbecamequitesickwhenhesawsomeonepickupabutterflyandeatit.Manypeoplewouldfinditdisgustingtoeatrats,butthereareforty-twodifferentcultureswhosepeopleregardratsasappropriatefood.Para2SomepeopleinAfricathinkAfricantermitesmakeadeliciousmeal.Manyotherpeoplewouldprobablybesickiftheyhadtoeattermites,butonehundredgramsoftermitescontainmorethantwiceasmanycaloriesandalmosttwiceasmuchproteinasonehundredgramsofcookedhamburger.Para3However,foodlikesanddislikesdonotalwaysseemrelatedtonutrition.Forexample,broccoliisfirstonalistofthemostnutritiouscommonvegetables,butitistwenty-firstonalistofvegetablesthatAmericanslikemosttoeat.Tomatoesaresixteenthonthelistofthemostnutritiousvegetables,buttheyarefirstonthelistofvegetablesthatAmericanslikemosttoeat.Para4-1Butdislikeisnottheonlyreasonwhysomecultureswillnoteatacertainfood.Insomecultures,certainfoodsaretaboo.TabooisawordfromthelanguageoftheFijiIslandsthatisusedtodescribesomethingthatisforbidden.Somefoodsaretabooincertainreligions,buttherearealsootherfoodtaboosthatarenotconnectedtoareligion.Wedonotusuallythinkaboutwhycertainthingsaretabooinourculture.Wemaynotevenknowwhytheyaretaboo.Anthropologiststrytodiscoverthehiddenreasonsfortaboos.Para4-2Forexample,thesacredcowsofIndiaarewellknown.CowscangowherevertheywanttointhestreetsofIndia,andtheycaneatanythingtheywantfromthesuppliesofthefoodsellersonthestreet.Asaresult,thecowsareaproblem.However,nooneinIndiawillkillthemoreatthem.Itistabootodoso.Thiscustomseemsstrangetootherpeople,butanthropologistsbelievethattherearereasonsforit.Para4-3First,cowsarevaluablebecausethefarmersneedthemtohelpplowtheirfields.Second,cowmanureisusedasafertilizeronthefields.InIndia,manyfarmerscannotaffordtospendmoneyonfertilizer.Third,thecowmanurecanbedriedandburnedtomakecookingfires.Therefore,farmersthatkilltheircowsformeatsoonfindthattheycannotploworfertilizetheirfieldsormakeacookingfire.Para5AnotherexampleisthatAmericansdonoteatdogs,althoughpeoplefromsomeotherculturesregardthemasgoodfood.IntheUnitedStates,dogsareveryimportanttopeopleaspets.Theyareusuallyregardedaspartofthefamily,almostlikeachildinsomecases.Inaddition,dogshavevalueasprotectionagainstcriminals.Thieveswillnotusuallyenterahousewherethereisadogbecausethedogwillbarkandpossiblyattackastrangerwhoistryingtogetintoahouse.Apparently,thedog’splaceinsocietyasacompanionandasaprotectionagainstcriminalsmakesthedogtabooasfood.Para6Thetabooagainsteatingporkoccursinmorethanoneculture.ThereissomeevidencethatsomeancientEgyptiansdidnoteatpork.TheancientIsraelitesalsoregardedporkastaboo.Oneexplanationforthepig-eatingtabooisthatporkthatisnotcookedsufficientlymayspreadadiseasecalledtrichinosis.However,mostpeoplenolongerthinkthatthisisagoodexplanationfortheporktaboo.Anthropologistsbelievethatmostfoodlikesanddislikesarearesultofthewaysoflifeofdifferentpeople.Somepeopleliveinareaswheretherearebothlargeanimalsandmanyinsects.Itisdifficultforthesepeopletokilllargeanimals,anditrequiresalotofenergy.Itiseasierforthemtouseinsectsforfoodbecauseitisnotdifficulttocatchinsectsanditdoesnotrequirealotofenergy.Nomadicpeoplewhomovearoundwillnotwanttokeeppigsforfood.Peoplewillnoteatpetssuchasdogs.Americanseatalotofbeefbecausethereisplentyoflandforraisingcattleandtheirmeatcanbeshippedcheaplyforlongdistancesbyrailroads.Para7SummaryoftheTextThefoodsoneenjoysmaydisgusttheother.Wemayhaveournutritiousandreligiousreasonsforthefoodlikesanddislikes.However,anthropologistsbelievethatmostfoodlikesanddislikesarearesultofthewaysoflifeofdifferentpeople.Forexample,peopleinIndiaarenotallowedtoeatcowsbecauseoftheirvalueandusefulnesswhereasAmericandonoteatdogsbecausetheyserveasgoodcompanionsandprotectionsagainstcriminals.Differentcultureshavedifferentchoicesoffood.食品与文化第一段对于什么样的食品好吃、什么样的食品不好吃，我们都有自己的看法。因此，一种文化的人常常觉得来自另一种文化的人所吃的食物是令人讨厌或令人恶心的。例如，著名拳击手穆哈默德·阿里访问非洲的时候，他的一个随行人员看到有人拣起一只蝴蝶就吃，感到很不舒服。许多人会觉得吃老鼠令人厌恶，可是有42种不同文化的人