我国野生动植物中药材现状及应对措施

辽宁医学院医疗学院2010届本科生毕业论文0医疗学院本科生毕业论文题目我国野生动植物中药材现状及应对措施专业医药经贸班级06级74班姓名陈明欣学号04号指导教师(程)承伟职称教授年月日辽宁医学院医疗学院教务处制辽宁医学院医疗学院2010届本科生毕业论文1目录摘要.................................................................................................................................................2一、绪论.........................................................................................................................................41.1引言.......................................................................................................................................41.2研究目的和意义...................................................................................................................41.3研究内容...............................................................................................................................4二、我国野生动植物中药材现状.................................................................................................52.1我国野生动植物对于中药材的重要性...............................................................................52.2我国野生动植物中药材现状..............................................................................................6三、药用动植物资源保护面临的主要问题及原因.....................................................................73.1利益驱使的掠夺性采猎。...................................................................................................73.2产品开发时只注重名贵中药，没有考虑中药资源的限制。...........................................73.3人类因素...............................................................................................................................83.4人口基数...............................................................................................................................8四、拯救珍稀濒危野生动植物种的对策.....................................................................................84.1建立濒危动植物拯救基地...................................................................................................84.2建立动物收容单位...............................................................................................................84.3完善野生动植物方面的法律...............................................................................................94.3.1制定专门法律.................................................................................................................94.3.2修订原有法律法规........................................................................................................94.3.3加强地方性立法............................................................................................................94.3.4制定与国际公约相配合的法律法规.............................................................................9五、结论.......................................................................................................................................10参考文献.......................................................................................................................................11致谢...............................................................................................................................................12辽宁医学院医疗学院2010届本科生毕业论文2摘要改革开放以来，随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，中医药在人民的医疗保健中起着越来越重要的作用，因而随着中药的需求量日趋增加，中药材资源与需求的矛盾也愈加严重。因此，药用动植物资源的保护，已引起了国内外有关专家的密切关注。我国先后成立了国务院环境保护领导小组和国家濒危动植物管理办公室，专门领导、管理动植物资源的保护，并编写、颁发了《中国植物红皮书》第一册、《珍稀濒危保护植物名录》、《野生药材资源保护管理条例》、《国家重点保护野生动物名录》等书籍和文件，已被列入保护的野生植物达300余种，其中一半以上为药用植物，目前野生资源稀少的中药材如人参、黄连、云南黄连、峨眉黄连，杜仲、黄花、肉苁蓉、铁皮石斛等均已在列。已被列入保护的动物种类达250余种，其中药用动物达160余种，作为常用药材资源的梅花鹿、中华大蟾蜍、大壁虎、林麝、黑熊、乌梢蛇等均榜上有名。以上举措对我国野生药材资源的保护起到了重要的作用，但部分药农和不法分子由于利益驱使，滥采、滥伐、滥猎现象仍非常严重。国家有关部门屡禁不止，目前大量名贵中药材野生资源仍以惊人的速度消失，从而导致野生中药材资源保护现状仍非常严峻。关键词:野生；动植物；中药辽宁医学院医疗学院2010届本科生毕业论文3WildlifeStatusofChineseherbalmedicinesinChinaandCountermeasuresAbstractSincethereformandopeningup,asChina'seconomicdevelopmentandimprovementoflivingstandardsofChinesemedicineinpeople'shealthcareplaysanincreasinglyimportantrole,whichalongwiththeincreasingdemandfortraditionalChinesemedicine,Chineseherbalmedicineresourcesandneedscontradictionsaremoresevere.Therefore,theprotectionofmedicinalplantandanimalresources,hasattractedthecloseattentionofdomesticandforeignexperts.StateCouncilofChinahassetuptheLeadingGroupandtheStateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministrationOfficeofendangeredanimalsandplants,specializedleadership,management,protectionofanimalandplantresources,andprepared,issuedtheChinaPlantRedDataBook,thefirstbook,RareandEndangeredPlants,wildmedicinalresourcesprotectionandmanagementregulations,ListofNationalKeyProtectedWildAnimalsandotherbooksanddocuments,havebeenincludedintheprotectionofmorethan300speciesofwildplants,ofwhichmorethanhalfofmedicinalplants,thecurrentscarcityofwildresources,suchasChineseherbalmedicinesginseng,berberine,Coptis,EmeiCoptis,Eucommia,yellow,Cistanche,Dendrobium,etc.havebeenincludedinthecolumn.Havebeenincludedintheprotectionofmorethan250animalspecies,includingmorethan160speciesofmedicinalanimals,ascommonlyusedmedicinalresourcesdeer,Toad,gecko,forestmuskdeer,blackbear,blacksnakeDengjuntopthepopularlist.Themoveontheprotectionofwildmedicinalresourcesplayanimportantrole,butsome