unit9 被动语态课件

（被动语态）英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Heopenedthedoor.Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。Thiswatchcanberepairedbyusintwodays.语态分类被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be的变化是通过人称、数和时态的变化表现出来的。肯定句：S(主语)+be+done+(by…)否定句：S(主语)+benot+done+(by…)一般疑问句：Be+S(主语)+done+(by…)特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+done+(by…)Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.改为被动语态1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词•TheyplayfootballonSunday.•Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.•Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.•WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebabywaslookedafterbyhimyesterday.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词•Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.•Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.•Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.•Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词•Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.•Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschooltomorrow.•Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.4．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：情态动词：过去进行时现在完成时：S+am/is/are+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+was/were+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+done各种时态的被动语态构成含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。•Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.•→Iwasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(间接宾语作了主语)•→Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather)onmybirthday.(直接宾语作了主语)注意：直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for•1.动词后常加to的：•give给show给…看send寄bring带来pass递给lend借给leave留给hand交给tell告诉write写给throw扔promise答应refuse拒绝return归还•2.动词后常加for的:•pay付钱给…buy买sing给…唱歌make制作do做get得到注意：1.主动语态中带有省to不定式作宾语补足语时，变被动语态时应还原to。（see、make等词）Thebossmadetheworkersworktwelvehoursaday.Theworkerstwelvehoursaday.2.需要做某事：want/need/require+doingsth.=want/need/require+tobedoneTheflowerswantwatering.Look,thesoilissodry.3.值得做某事：beworthdoingsth.Thebookiswellworthreadingtwice.4.形式被动但表主动：bemarriedbeusedtodoingbebroken4.常见没有被动语态的词和短语：become、happen、takeplace.comeabout.breakout等GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttwentyyears.Homework:（改成被动语态）1.Hecleanstheclassroomeveryday.2.Theyfinishedtheirhomework.3.Icanmendhisbike.4.Shewillbuytenbookstomorrow.5.Weshouldn’tallowthemtogooutwiththeirfriends.6.Theoldmanoftenmakesuslaugh.7.Whofinishedtheworkyesterday?8.Hisfatheroftenlethimstayoutsidealone9.Wheredidyouseethefilm?10.Theylaughedather