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1/60Unit1ThePowerofLanguageTextAPre-readingQuestions1.Doyouusuallychallengetheideaanauthorrepresents?Whatdoyouthinkisactivereading?2.Whatsuggestionsdoyouexpecttheauthorwillgiveonreadingcritically?CriticalReadingCriticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjustunderstandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.批判性阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么,还包括质疑和评价作者的话,并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontextthanyours.Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的,或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况,你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don’tacceptwhatiswrittenatfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前,首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够2/60的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外,注意作者是否参考了权威著作。Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性,对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor’sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提,基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明,这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设,你必须判断这一假设是否合理。Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einstein’isacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant.Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.Finally,iftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent.Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthecurrentstateofknowledgeinphysics.鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如,如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就,那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌,那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后,如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形,那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如,如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状,那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。Identifyanypossibleauthorbias.AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocrat2oraRepublican.Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflectabiasedposition.Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorhaswritten.Thatis,takewhatiswrittenwith“agrainofsalt.”甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说,要对文章内容“半信半疑”。3/60Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecomebetterinformedandmaychangeyourviewsasappropriate.1.成为一名批判性阅读者,你的思路会不断拓宽,观点会更加合理。2.通过做一个有批判性的读者,你会成为一个更加有见识和学问的人,并可能适当的改变你自己的观念。TextBPre-readingQuestions1.Arethereanywordsthatmakeyoufeelconfidentordiffident?2.Doyoubelievethatlanguagecaninfluencepeople’sthought?Givesomeexamples.TheLanguageofConfidenceThelanguageweuseprogramsourbrains.Masteringourlanguagegivesusagreatdegreeofmasteryoverourlivesandourdestinies.Itisimportanttousethelanguageinthebestwaypossibleinordertodramaticallyimproveourqualityoflife.自信的语言语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量,这一点至关重要。Eventhesmallestofwordscanhavethedeepesteffectonoursubconsciousmind,whichislikeachild,andifdoesn’treallyunderstandthedifferencebetweenwhatreallyhappensandwhatyouimagine.Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit–whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou.再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子,分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦,乐意听从你给它的任何命令,而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。“Try”Itisasmallwordyetithasanamazingimpactuponus.Ifsomeonesays,“I’lltrytodothat”youknowthattheyarenotgoingtobeputtingtheirwholeheartintoit,andmaynotevendoitatall.How4/60oftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?Doyousay“I’lltrytobemoreconfident”or“I’lltrytodothat”or“I’lltrytocall”?“尽力”这是一个简单的词,却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”,你知道他其实并不打算全心全意做这件事,甚至可能根本不会去做。你有多少次在谈论对于你非常重要的事时使用了“尽力”这个词?你是否说过“我会尽力做到更加自信”、“我会尽力去做这件事”或者“我会尽力去呼喊”?Thinkaboutsomethingthatyouwouldliketoachieve,andsayittoyourselfintwodifferentways.Firstlysay,“I’lltryto…“andnoticehowyoufeel.Nextsay,“Iwilldo…“andseehowyoufeel.想一件你想完成的事情,然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先说“我会尽力去做……”,然后注意你会有什么感受。再对自己说“我要做……”,然后看你又会有什么感受。Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn’tit?Itgivesyouasenseofdetermination,afe
本文标题:自考《英语二》2012版-课程代码00015-课文英汉对照
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