主要英语国家概况chapter 8

Chapter8U.S.AGeographyandPeople2020/1/21NationalFlagTheAmericanNationalFlagistheStar-SpangledBanner.Thefiftystarsrepresentsthe50statesThethirteenstripesstandsfortheoriginal13colonies.Theredsymbolizescourage,thewhiterepresentsfreedom,andthebluecolorstandsforloyaltyandjustice.2020/1/21BasicFactsFullcountryname:TheUnitedStatesofAmerica(USA)Population:275,000,000Area:9,370,000sqkm.The4thlargestintheworld.Capitalcity:Washington,DC(pop:607,000)2020/1/21People:Caucasian（高加索人，白种人）(74%),AfricanAmerican(12%),Latino(9%),Asian(3%),NativeAmerican(0.8%)Languages:English(officiallanguage),plusmanysecondarylanguage,chieflySpanishReligion:Protestant(56%),RomanCatholic(28%),Jewish(2%),Muslim(1%)Government:Federalrepublicof50statesTheUnitedStatesacountryintheWesternHemisphere.consistsofforty-eightcontiguousstatesinNorthAmerica,plusAlaska,andHawaiiThereareseveralUnitedStatesterritoriesinthePacificandCaribbean.2020/1/21WhatdoestheU.S.referto?ThetermUnitedStates,inthegeographicalsense,meansthecontinentalUnitedStates,Alaska,Hawaii,PuertoRico,Guam,andtheVirginIslandsoftheUnitedStates.Borderingcountries:ThecountryshareslandborderswithCanadaandMexicoandmaritime(water)borderswithRussia,Cuba,andTheBahamasinadditiontoCanadaandMexico.ExtremePointsoftheUnitedStates(50Northernmostpoint:PointBarrow,AlaskaEasternmostpoint:WestQuoddyHead,MaineSouthernmostpoint:KaLae(SouthCape),Westernmostpoint:CapeWrangell,AlaskaAlaska,thelargestinareaandRhodeIsland,thesmallest;onthemainland,Texasisthelargest.(Texas=France,AlaskatwiceTexas)2020/1/21Thelongestriver:MississippiRiver,thelongestintheworld.TheGreatLakes:(fromwesttoeast)LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,&LakeOntario.LakeMichiganbelongstoUSA.Theother4belongtobothUSA&Canada.2020/1/21Thethreemostfamousnationalparks:1.TheRockyMountain&YellowstoneNationalPark2.TheGreatCanyonofColoradoinArizona3.YosemiteintheSierraNevada2020/1/21ImportantmountainsTherearethreemajormountainranges:AppalachianMts阿巴拉契亚山脉RockyMts落基山脉SierraNevada内华达山脉2020/1/21Rocky2020/1/211.geography2020/1/212020/1/21GeographicaldivisionThelargeterritoryofthecontinentalUnitedStatescanbedividedintothreebasicareas：theAtlanticSeacoastwesttotheAppalachianMountains；thegreatMississippiRivetBasinbetweentheAppalachianandtheRockyMountains;theRockieswesttothePacificOcean．Easternpart:1/6,AppalachianRangeGreatplain:GreatLakes---GulfofMexicoNiagaraFalls=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=7&word=尼亚加拉大瀑布MississippiRiver----longestriverWesternpart:1/3,RockyMountainsSixregionsNewEnglandalsotheNortheast,ismadeupofthestatesofConnecticut,RhodeIsland,Massachusetts,Vermont,NewHampshireandMaine.Thefirstsettlerslandedonthisregion--onPlymouthRockinMassachusettsTheMid-AtlanticStatesincludesNewYork,Pennsylvania,NewJersey,Delaware,MarylandandWashington,D.C.knownforitsindustry,especiallyNewYorkandPennsylvania,whereironandsteelmillsproducedthematerialsthatbuilttherestofthecountryTheSouthVirgina,WestVirginia,Tennessee,SouthCarolina,NorthCarolina,Louisiana,Mississippi,Kentucky,Georgia,Florida,ArkansasandAlabama.plentyofrainfallandatemperateclimate,becametheagriculturalcenterofearlyAmerica.Thestates'attempttosecedefromtheUnitedStatesinthemid-1800sledtotheCivilWar.TheSouthlostthewaranditsplaceastheagriculturalcenterofthecountry,butafterafewdecades,theSouthbegantorebuilditselfasamanufacturingpowerhouse.TheMidwestOhio,Michigan,Indiana,Illinois,Wisconsin,Missouri,Iowa,Minnesota,NorthDakota,SouthDakota,NebraskaandKansas.centerofAmericanagriculture.afewmajoroneslikeChicago,mostoftheareaisdominatedbyfarmlandandsmalltowns.TheSouthwestpartsofTexasandOklahoma,alongwithNewMexicoandArizona.receivedverylittleinfluencefromEuropeansettlers,insteaddrawingitsrootsfromSpanishandNative-Americanpeoples.manydeserts,andeventhepartsthataren'tdesertdon'tgetmuchrain,alsohometooneofthemosticonicAmericanlandscapes,theGrandCanyon,whichislocatedinnorthernArizona.TheWestColorado,Wyoming,Montana,Idaho,Utah,Nevada,Washington,Oregon,andCalifornia(14%ofthenationalGDP).AlaskaandHawaiiareoftenincludedintheWestconsideredAmerica’slastfrontier,butthediscoveryofgoldinsomeofthewesternstates,alongwithtolerantmininglaws,ledtoapopulationboominwhichmanypeoplemovedWesttofindtheirfortune.clips://you.joy.cn/video/1565770.htmHawaii2020/1/21Majorcities:MajorcitiesNewYorkthemostpopulouscitythecenteroftheNewYorkMetropolitanArea,oneofthemostpopulousmetropolitanareasintheworld.exertsasignificantimpactuponglobalcommerce,finance,media,art,fashion,research,technology,education,andentertainment.ThehomeoftheUnitedNationsHeadquartersanimportantcenterforinternationaldiplomacybeendescribedastheculturalcapitaloftheworldisalsoreferredtoasNewYorkCityorTheCityofNewYorkNewYorkfiveboroughs—TheBronx,Brooklyn,Manhattan,Queens,andStatenIslandthemostdenselypopulatedmajorcityintheUnitedStatesAsmanyas800languagesarespokeninNewYorkIMPRESSIONSOFNYCF