从测试有用性到测试使用论证-Bachman语言测试理论的新发展

3720081156261996Bachman&Palmer(TestUsefulness)2005Bachman(AssessmentUseArgumentAUA)10BachmanBachman&Palmer(1996)6()(Bachman&Palmer1996)(General-knowledgeSection)3()33(10)()(Bachman&Palmer1996)E-mail:[e-mail]-mail:[e-mail]319A1672-9382(2008)06-0037-05Bachman&Palmer(1996)Bachman(2005)Bachman112238FLCNov.2008Vol.5No.6(GeneralSerialNo.26)“”(Consistency)()“”(AssessmentValidityArgument)Bachman(Bachman200520062007a2007bBachman&Palmerinpress)(Meaningfulness)(Impartiality)(Generalizability)(Relevance)(Sufficiency)(TargetLanguageUseTLU)()(1)(TestBias)(McNamara&Roever2006)(Think-aloudProtocols)(ConcurrentRelatedness)1(Bachman200525)(Bachman&Palmer,inpress)“”Bachman&Palmer(1996)“”(McNamara2003:469McNamara&Roever2006:33)2005Bachman(AUA)(TheStructureofanAssessmentArgument)(1)6(Claim)(Data)(Warrant)(Backing)(Rebuttal)(Rebuttals)392008115626(Multi-traitandMulti-methodAnalysisMTMM)(ConfirmatoryFactorAnalysisCFA)ANOVAMTMMCFA(CriterionGroup)(2)()()(DifferentialItemFunctioningDIF)(FairnessReviewProcedures)(3)TLUTLU()TLU(4)TLU(Brown&Hudson2002Brown2005Shavelson&Webb19912003)(5)(DecisionRulesforClassification)(StandardSettingProceduresforSettingCutScores)Bachman(2005)AssessmentUtilizationArgumentBachman(AUA)1200510BachmanBachman(2005)6Bachman(200520062007a2007b)Bachman&Palmer(inpress)2Bachman(2007a)1(2)33240FLCNov.2008Vol.5No.6(GeneralSerialNo.26)26()(Bachman2005:25-26)“”//()BachmanBachman(2000:23-24)“”Bachman76(Accountability)Bachman2003(Bachman20032004a2004b200520062007a2007bBachman&Palmerinpress)AUABachman&Palmer(LanguageAssessmentintheRealWorld)(JustifyingtheUseofLanguageAssessments)()Bachman()2003Bachman2004Bachman2003TESOL(TESOLQuarterly)TESOLTESOLTESOLAUA(ObservationUseArgument)(LinksbetweenObservationandUse)(3)443(Bachman,2004:725)34120081156262005Bachman(1)2006Bachman(1)AUA“”2007Bachman“LanguageAssessment:OpportunitiesandChallenges”BachmanAUA()BachmanPalmer(TheStructureofanAssessmentUseArgument)(4)()(Equitability)(ValueSensitive)(Beneficence)Bachman“”“test”“testing”“assessment”“assessment”“test”2004Kunnan(LanguageAssessmentQuarterly)20048(EthicsinLanguageAssessment)(20044)(20061)(20072)2004(WashbackinLanguageTesting:ResearchContextsandMethods)(Cheng,Watanabe&Curtis,2004)2008LanguageTesting18(07BYY030)Bachman4(Bachman&Palmer,inpress)(Falsification)AUABachman()()()()55(46)46FLCNov.2008Vol.5No.6(GeneralSerialNo.26)(上接41页)[1]Bachman,L.F.FundamentalConsiderationsinLanguageTesting[M].Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1990.[2]Bachman,L.F.Whatdoeslanguagetestinghavetooffer?[J].TESOLQuarterly,1991(4):674-704.[3]Bachman,L.F.Modernlanguagetestingattheturnofthecentury:Assuringthatwhatwecountcounts[J].LanguageTesting,2000(1):1-42.[4]Bachman,L.F.Constructinganassessmentuseargumentandsupportingclaimsabouttesttaker-assessmenttaskinteractionsinevidence-centeredassessmentdesign[J].Measurement:InterdisciplinaryResearchandPerspectives,2003(1):63-65.[5]Bachman,L.F.LinkingobservationstointerpretationsandusesinTESOLresearch[J].TESOLQuarterly,2004(4):723-728.[6]Bachman,L.F.Buildingandsupportingacasefortestuse[J].LanguageAssessmentQuarterly,2005(1):1-34.[7]Bachman,L.F.Linkinginterpretationanduseineducationalassessments[P].PaperpresentedattheNationalCouncilforMeasurementinEducation,SanFrancisco,April2006.[8]Bachman,L.F.Justifyingtheuseoflanguageassessment.[9]Bachman,L.F.Languageassessment:?opportunitiesandchallenges[P].PaperpresentedattheAAAL2007Conference,CostaMesa,California,April2007.=48.2007b.[10]Bachman,L.F.,&A.S.Palmer.LanguageTestinginPractice:DesigningandDevelopingUsefulLanguageTest[M].Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1996.[11]Bachman,L.F.,&A.S.Palmer.LanguageAssessmentintheRealWorld[M].Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,forthcoming.[12]Brown,J.D.TestinginLanguagePrograms:AComprehensiveGuidetoEnglishLanguageAssessment[M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,2005.[13]Brown,J.D.&T.Hudson.Criterion-referencedLanguageTesting[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2002.[14]Cheng,L.,Watanabe,Y.&Curtis,A.(eds).WashbackinLanguageTesting:ResearchContextsandMethods[C].NewJersey:LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,Inc.,2004.[15]Davies,A.(ed).Ethicsinlanguageassessment[J].LanguageAssessmentQuarterly,2004(2/3).[16]InternationalLanguageTestingAssociation(ILTA).CodeofEthicsforILTA.[17]InternationalLanguageTestingAssociation(ILTA).DraftCodeofPractice:Version3.[18]McNamara,T.Lookingback,lookingforward:rethinkingBachman[J].LanguageTesting,2003(4):466-473.[19]McNamara,T.&C.Roever.LanguageTesting:theSocialDimension[M].Oxford:BlackwellPublishing,2006.[20]Shavelson,R.J.&N.M.Webb.GeneralizabilityTheory:APrimer[M].California:SagePublications,Inc.,1991.[21],.[M].:,2003.FromTestUsefulnesstoAssessmentUseArgument:TheNewDevelopmentofBachman’sLanguageAssessmentTheoryAbstract:ThisarticlefirstgivesabriefintroductiontothemaincontentsofBachman&Palmer’s(1996)TestUsefulnessandBachman’s(2005)AssessmentUseArgument,theninterprets