2015年中石化高级职称英语考试参考书1-30

1第一课HOWTOBEHAPPY如何获得幸福2-5InthepasttwoweekswehavelookedatthehappinessformuladefinedbypositivepsychologistMartinSeligman,whereH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+c(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).Thisweekwelookattheconditionsinlifethatcanimproveourhappinessquotient.过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁.塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。STEP1:PeaceandquietJonathonHaidtinhisexcellentbook,ThehappinessHypothesis,notesthatresearchshowsthatwecannevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution.Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponses(theotheristhefearoffalling)andwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.Itisessentialtohavesomepeaceandquieteveryday.Ifyouareunfortunateenoughtolivesomewherenoisy,persistwithcomplainingtoyourlocalcouncil.Additionally,trywearingwaxearplugstohavesomerespite.IfyouneedyourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesaltruismtoyourneighbours,whichwillmakeyouandthemfeelgood.第一步：平和宁静乔纳林.海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双都感到舒适。STEP2:RelationshipsThisisthemostimportantofalltheexternalconditionsthatcanimproveyourhappinessquotient.Oftenourdeepestsourcesofunhappinessarefoundinpoorrelationshipswithothers.Acruellyconflictualrelationshipwithapartnerorloverleavesusfeelingbetrayedandabandoned.Arelationshipwithourparentsorchildrenwhichisnotbasedoncompassionate,unconditionalregardcreatesisolationandmisery.Whenfacedwithsuchrelationships,themostpositivethingwecandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.第二步：人际关系这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。Step3:ShareIfyouhavediscoveredconditionsorchoicesinlifethathavesignificantlyimprovedyourwellbeing,remembertosharethemwithfriends;Passingonwhatwordsisessentialtoimprovethewellbeingofourownandothers.第三步：分享2如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。一、阅读理解：1、Whatisthehappinessformulaaccordingtothepassage?幸福公式的定义是什么？答：TheformulareferstoH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).2、Whycanwenevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution?为什么说我们不可能完全适应新近的或长期的噪音污染？答：Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponsesandwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.3、Howcouldwemakebothourselvesandtheneighborsfeelgood?如何能使我们自己和邻居都感觉舒服？答：IfyouneedyourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesourkindnessandconsiderationtoourneighbors.4、Wheredoestheunhappinesscomefrom?痛苦和不幸来自于哪里？答：Ourunhappinessoftencomesfrompoorrelationshipswithothers.5、Whatisthepositivewaytofacewiththecruellyconflictualrelationship?用什么积极的途径改善极度冲突的人际关系？答：Whatyoucandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.二、汉译英：1、吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和有很大影响。Noisyneighborsareoneofthemajorcausesofdomesticupset.2、在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪。Acolleagueatworkwhobulliesordismissesuscreatesuntoldwrechedness.3、我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。Wecanneverfullyadapttohostilerelationships,whichinevitablydamageourwellbeing.4、如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。Ifthisbadmoodstaysinsideourmind,itwillleadustoanunresolveddestructivedepression.5、我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。Weshouldnotavoidtheseproblemsbutfacetheminstead.三、英译汉：Therearemanybenefitstobeinghappy.Happypeopletendtobehealthier,livelongerandearnmore.Theyalsotendtovolunteermore,bebetterat3relationshipsandsmilemoreofwhatpsychologistscall“Duchenne”orgenuinesmiles.Whatislesswellunderstoodiswhyhappinessiscontagious.幸福有许多好处。越幸福的人往往越健康、越长寿、挣的钱越多。他们通常也会从事更多的志愿工作、更善于处理人际关系、发出更多心理学家所说的“杜兴微笑”，即真诚的微笑。我们了解不深的是，为什么幸福可以传染。AccordingtoJamesFowlerandNicholasChristakis,authorsoftheinternationalbestsellerConnected,peoplesurroundedbymanyhappyfriends,familymembersandneighbourswhoarecentraltotheirsocialnetworkbecomesignificantlyhappierinthefuture.Morespecifically,theysaywewillbecome25percenthappierwithourlifeifafriendwholiveswithinamileofusbecomessignificantlyhappierwithhisorherlife.全球畅销书《关联》的作者詹姆斯福勒和尼古拉斯克里斯塔基斯发现，如果你身边那些重要的人际网络中有许多幸福的朋友、家人和邻居，那么你将也会很幸福。他们表示，更准确地说，如果居住在离你1英里内的一个朋友生活幸福感得到显著提升，你的生活幸福感就会增加25%。Similareffectsareseeninco-residentspouses(8percenthappier);siblingswholivewithinamileofeachother(14percent);andnext-doorneighbours(34percent).Whatthisimpliesisthatthemagnitudeofhappinessspreadseemstodependmoreonfrequentsocialcontact(duetophysicalproximity)thanondeepsocialconnections.Alas,forsomereasonthisdoesn’ttranslatetotheworkplace.具有同样效果的还有同居配偶（幸福感提升8%）、居住在1英里之内的兄弟姐妹（14%）和邻居（34%）。这意味着，幸福传播的强度似乎更取决于交往的频繁度（与地域邻近相关），而不是社会关系的深度。可惜由于某种原因，这并不适用于工作场合。So,whyishappinesscontagious?Onereasonmaybethathappypeoplesharetheirgoodfortunewiththeirfriendsandfamily(forexample,bybeingpragmaticallyhelpfulorfinanciallygenerous).Anotherreasoncouldbethathappypeopletend