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传统文化21.酒与文化中国是酒的故乡。中华民族五千年历史长河中,酒和酒文化占据着重要地位。就是一种特殊的食品,是属于物质的,但酒又融于人们的生活精神当中。酒文化作为一种特殊的文化形式,在传统文化中占有重要地位。中国是一个农业为主的国家,因此一切政治经济活动都以农业发展为立足点。而中国的酒绝大多数是以粮食酿造的,酒紧紧地依附于农业,成为农业的一部分。粮食的丰歉是酒业兴衰的晴雨表,各朝各代的统治者根据粮食的收成情况,通过发布酒禁或开禁,来调节酒的生产,从而确保民食。Chinaisthehomeofwines.Inthehistoryof5000yearsofChinesenation,wineandwine-relatedculturehasalwaysbeenholdinganimportantposition.Asaspecialkindfood,wineisofmaterial,butitismergedintothespirituallifeofthepeopleatthesametime.BeingaparticularculturefromwineculturehasauniquestatusinthetraditionalChineseculture.Chinaisagriculture-orientedcountry,soallpoliticalandeconomicactivitiestaketheagricultureasthefoothold,whileChinesewines,mostofwhicharemadefromgrains,stayclosewiththeagricultureandbecamepartoftheagriculturaleconomy.Theproductionofgainsistheindexoftheprosperityofthewineindustry.Rulersoffeudaldynastieswouldpromulgatewinesbansorliftingofwinebansaccordingtotheproductionofgrains,soastoadjustthewineproductionandguaranteethefoodgrainsforpeople.请同学们思考relate,attach,join,combine,link,associate的区别2.中餐特色中餐的菜肴以色艳,香浓,味美,型美而著称于世。其基本特点是北咸南甜,东辣西酸。根据地域和风味的不同,中国菜可以分为粤川鲁苏徽浙闽湘八大菜系。当然还有许多地方菜,比如上海菜和北京菜。Chinesecuisineisfamousintheworldforitsvividcolors,savorysmell,deliciousfoodandbeautifulfigures.Itsbasiccharacteristicissaltyinthenorth,sweetinthesouth,spicyintheeastandsourinthewest.Basedondifferentregionsandflavors,Chinesecuisinecanbedividedintoeightcuisines:GuangDongcuisine,ShanDongcuisine,SiChuancuisine,Jiangsucuisine,AnHuicuisine,ZheJiangcuisine,FuJiancuisine,HuNancuisine.Ofcourse,therearemanyotherlocalcuisinesthatarefamousinChina,suchasBeiJingCuisineandShangHaiCuisine.除了以上的八大菜系以外,中国还有许多的地方菜系和品种繁多的地方风味。中国的烹饪技术精湛,源远流长,饮食文化地域特色浓厚,现在已经遍布世界各地,成为各国人民津津乐道的佳肴。当然,随着人们环保意识,动物保护意识和无公害意识的增强,中国的饮食文化也在逐渐改变,正朝着科学的饮食方向发展。Besidesaboveeightmajorcuisines,therearemanymorelocalcuisinesanddiversifiedlocalflavorsinChina.Chinesecuisineboastsmasterlytechniquesandlonghistorywithstrongcolorsandoriginalfoodcharacteristics.NowChinesecuisinehasspreadtowholeworldandbecomethemouthwateringdelicaciesofthepeopleoftheallcountries.Ofcourse,withtheincreaseofpublics’awarenessofenvironmentandanimalprotection,Chinesefoodculturehasgraduallychangedanddevelopedtowardthedirectionofscientificandhealthycooking.3.刺绣刺绣是中国艺术的璀璨明珠。从皇帝穿的龙袍到普通百姓穿的日常服饰,刺绣给中国人的文化和生活增添了许多乐趣。刺绣起源于中国的尧舜时期。到了汉代刺绣有迅速发展,出现了宫廷刺绣。刺绣发展到宋代无论是数量还是质量都到了高峰。宋代刺绣的主题包括四大类:山水,亭台楼阁,人物,花鸟,刺绣品分为日常用品和艺术品。到了元代,明代刺绣出现了一些新的特色,刺绣增加了很多地方色彩。这一时期祥瑞图,鸳鸯图,牡丹图,松鹤图等很多图是受欢迎的刺绣图案。清代刺绣在继承明代刺绣的基础上又有了新的发展,吸收了日本刺绣和西方刺绣的特点,原料和图案更加精致,如今刺绣在南方发展的十分迅速,也多了几分现代气息,其工艺水平世界有名,刺绣产品更是深受世界各地人民的青睐。EmbroideryisabrilliantpearlinChineseart.SeenonthemagnificentDragonRobewornbyEmperorsandthedailygarmentoftodays’fashionaddsomuchpleasuretocultureandlife.OriginatedfromtheperiodsofYaoandShun,ChineseembroiderydevelopedbyleapsandboundsinHanDynastywhenroyalembroiderywasspecialized.SongDynastysawapeakofdevelopmentofembroiderybothinqualityandquantity.ThesubjectofSongembroideryfellintofourcategories:landscape,architectures,figures,flowersandbirds.Theembroideryhastwofunctionsthen:somearefordailyuseandsomearearts’sake.ThelocaltouchofembroiderywasstrengthenedbyYuanandMingDynastieswhenthepatternsofauspicioussigns,Mandarinducks,peonies,andpineandcranepictureswerethemostpopularones.WhenitcomestoQingDynasty,embroideryabsorbednewingredientsfromJapaneseandwesternartwhilestillkeepthefeaturesofthoseofMingDynastysothatthematerialsandpatternsweremoredelicate.Today,embroiderydevelopsrapidlyinthesouthofChinawithmoremodernstyles.Anditsartsandcraftsarefarmorefamousacrosstheworld.4.京剧京剧在塑造人物方面有其独特的造型语言。他把不同性格,年龄,身份的人物划分为不同的行当,一般来说有生旦净丑四大行当。在京剧中女性角色被称为旦角,男性角色被称为生,小丑被称为丑。每个角色都会依照他们在剧中的性别,年龄以及个性在脸上画上不同的脸谱,这样,观众可以分清楚这些演员所角色的性格是什么。Operahastheiruniquefeaturesinportrayingthecharactersofroles.Therolesfellintofourcategoriesaccordingtogender,age,temperamentandsocialstatus,namelySheng,Dan,Jing,andChou.InBengjingOpera,femalerolesarecalledDan,malesroleShengandclownsChou.Eachcharacterischaracterizedwithdifferentdesignoffacialmake-upaccordingtotheplot,sothattheaudiencecaneasilytellwhatkindofcharactertheperformeracting.5.舞龙舞龙起源于中国,又称耍龙灯,舞龙灯,闹龙灯。人们用稻草,竹子和布料扎成龙身舞动即舞龙。龙在中国是好运富贵,勇敢和皇权的象征。龙被中国人赋予了很多传奇色彩和美德。龙是乐于助人,对人友好的生灵,因而对中国人来说十分重要。民间通过舞龙来祈求龙的保佑和来获得风调雨顺,五谷丰登的好收成。龙是中华民族的象征。因此,舞龙也是一项表达中国人民勇敢,自豪和智慧的活动。Dragondance,alsowellknownas“dragononlanternplaying”anddragonlanterndance”,originatedfromChina.Thelegendary“dragon”isusuallymadeofstraws,bamboosandcloth.DragoninChinesecultureisthesymboloffortune,nobility,braveryandpower.ForChinesepeople,dragonarelegendaryanimalswithmanyvirtues.TheyareimportanttoChinesepeoplewhothinkDragonofhelpful,friendlycreatures.Dragondanceisperformedtoprayfortheblessingfrom“Dragon”foragoodharvestinthemostreligionsinChina.DragonisregardedasthesymbolofChinesenation,hence,Dragondance,accordingly,isplayedtoexpresscourage,prideandwisdomofChinesepeople.请同学们查阅hence,so,thus,accordingly,therefore.的区别和相同之处。6.扭秧歌秧歌是中国民间的一种传统舞蹈形式,原来是中国南方农民插秧时候进行的一种群众娱乐性活动。不过现在的秧歌和插秧没有什么联系了。舞者通常扮成各种人物,手持扇子,手帕,彩绸等道具而舞蹈。扭秧歌的人通常穿着色彩鲜艳的衣服,动作节奏明快,富有活力,带有浓郁的地方色彩。每逢节庆,如春节,元宵等,不管天气多冷,人们只要听到锣鼓声,
本文标题:传统文化2
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